The prostate gland is a male accessory reproductive gland, whose vitality and function are under tight regulation of different hormones. Prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) is one of the major products generated by the actions of cyclooxygenases (COX) and prostaglandin E synthase (PTGES) on arachidonic acid, and is involved in a number of physiological and pathological processes. In this study, we investigated the seasonal immunolocalizations and expressions of COX-1, COX-2 and PTGES, as well as PGE2 receptors (PTGERs) subtypes 1-4 (EP1, EP2, EP3, EP4) in the prostate of the wild ground squirrel. Histological examination observed enlarged prostatic lumens in the breeding season and significantly shrunken lumens in the nonbreeding season. COX-1, COX-2, PTGES and PTGERs were mainly localized in epithelial and stromal cells in the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. The mRNA expression levels of Cox-1, Cox-2, Ptges, Ptger2 (encoding EP2) and Ptger4 (encoding EP4) were higher in the prostate of the breeding season than in the nonbreeding season. The relative mRNA levels of Cox-1, Cox-2, Ptges, Ptger2 and Ptger4 were positively correlated with prostatic weights. In addition, both the prostatic and plasma concentrations of PGE2 were significantly higher in the breeding season compared to the nonbreeding season. These results suggested that PGE2 synthesis and signaling might play an important autocrine or paracrine role in the regulation of seasonal changes in the prostatic function of the wild ground squirrel.

中文翻译：

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野地松鼠（Spermophilus dauricus）前列腺中前列腺素E合酶和受体的季节性表达。

前列腺是男性的辅助生殖腺，其活力和功能受不同激素的严格调节。前列腺素E2（PGE2）是环氧合酶（COX）和前列腺素E合酶（PTGES）对花生四烯酸的作用所产生的主要产物之一，并参与许多生理和病理过程。在这项研究中，我们调查了野外前列腺中COX-1，COX-2和PTGES以及PGE2受体（PTGERs）1-4亚型（EP1，EP2，EP3，EP4）的季节性免疫定位和表达松鼠。组织学检查发现，在繁殖季节前列腺腔增大，在非繁殖季节前列腺腔明显缩小。COX-1，COX-2，PTGES和PTGERs在繁殖和非繁殖季节主要位于上皮和基质细胞中。在繁殖季节的前列腺中，Cox-1，Cox-2，Ptges，Ptger2（编码EP2）和Ptger4（编码EP4）的mRNA表达水平高于非繁殖季节。Cox-1，Cox-2，Ptges，Ptger2和Ptger4的相对mRNA水平与前列腺重量呈正相关。另外，与非繁殖季节相比，在繁殖季节PGE2的前列腺和血浆浓度均显着更高。这些结果表明，PGE 2的合成和信号传导可能在调节野生松鼠前列腺功能的季节性变化中起重要的自分泌或旁分泌作用。在繁殖季节的前列腺中，Ptger2（编码EP2）和Ptger4（编码EP4）高于非繁殖季节。Cox-1，Cox-2，Ptges，Ptger2和Ptger4的相对mRNA水平与前列腺重量呈正相关。另外，与非繁殖季节相比，在繁殖季节PGE2的前列腺和血浆浓度均显着更高。这些结果表明，PGE 2的合成和信号传导可能在调节野生松鼠前列腺功能的季节性变化中起重要的自分泌或旁分泌作用。在繁殖季节的前列腺中，Ptger2（编码EP2）和Ptger4（编码EP4）高于非繁殖季节。Cox-1，Cox-2，Ptges，Ptger2和Ptger4的相对mRNA水平与前列腺重量呈正相关。另外，与非繁殖季节相比，在繁殖季节PGE2的前列腺和血浆浓度均显着更高。这些结果表明，PGE 2的合成和信号传导可能在调节野生松鼠前列腺功能的季节性变化中起重要的自分泌或旁分泌作用。与非繁殖季节相比，繁殖季节中PGE2的前列腺和血浆浓度均显着较高。这些结果表明，PGE 2的合成和信号传导可能在调节野生松鼠前列腺功能的季节性变化中起重要的自分泌或旁分泌作用。与非繁殖季节相比，繁殖季节中PGE2的前列腺和血浆浓度均显着较高。这些结果表明，PGE 2的合成和信号传导可能在调节野生松鼠前列腺功能的季节性变化中起重要的自分泌或旁分泌作用。