Conventional allergen‐specific immunotherapy (AIT), based on administrations of allergen extracts, represents up to now the unique protocol for the desensitization of allergic patients. Whereas the effectiveness of AIT was evidenced for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma, such strategy remains experimental for food allergies up to now. However, important issues are commonly associated with AIT as the quality of natural allergen extracts, the long duration and adverse side‐effects which negatively affect successful desensitization together with the patient compliance. The rapid progression of molecular allergology made possible the quest of safer, shorter and more effective immunotherapeutic approaches. The aim of this review was to provide an update on these different innovative recombinant derivatives including their efficacy but also their limitations. Despite promising preclinical and early clinical studies, the absence of convincing data in large phase III trials precludes so far the translation of these immunotherapeutic candidates into the clinic.

中文翻译：

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变应原特异性免疫疗法的分子方法：我们离临床实施还很远吗？

传统的过敏原特异性免疫疗法 (AIT)，基于过敏原提取物的给药，代表了迄今为止过敏患者脱敏的独特方案。尽管 AIT 的有效性已被证明可用于治疗过敏性鼻炎和过敏性哮喘，但迄今为止，这种策略对于食物过敏仍处于试验阶段。然而，重要的问题通常与 AIT 相关，因为天然过敏原提取物的质量、持续时间长和不良副作用对成功脱敏以及患者依从性产生负面影响。分子变态反应学的快速发展使寻求更安全、更短和更有效的免疫治疗方法成为可能。本综述的目的是提供有关这些不同创新重组衍生物的最新信息，包括它们的功效和局限性。尽管有前景的临床前和早期临床研究，但在大型 III 期试验中缺乏令人信服的数据，目前无法将这些免疫治疗候选物转化为临床。