Local adaptation of plants to mycorrhizal fungi helps determine the outcome of mycorrhizal interactions. However, there is comparatively little work exploring the potential for evolution in interactions with ectomycorrhizal fungi, and fewer studies have explored the heritability of mycorrhizal responsiveness, which is required for local adaptation to occur. We set up a reciprocal inoculation experiment using seedlings and soil from four populations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) from Scotland, measuring seedling response to mycorrhizal inoculation after 4 months. We estimated heritability for the response traits and tested for genotype × environment interactions. While we found that ectomycorrhizal responsiveness was highly heritable, we found no evidence that pine populations were locally adapted to fungal communities. Instead, we found a complex suite of interactions between pine population and soil inoculum. Our results suggest that, while Scots pine has the potential to evolve in response to mycorrhizal fungi, evolution in Scotland has not resulted in local adaptation. Long generation times and potential for rapid shifts in fungal communities in response to environmental change may preclude the opportunity for such adaptation in this species, and selection for other factors such as resistance to fungal pathogens may explain the pattern of interactions found.

中文翻译：

---

遗传性遗传变异，但在松树-根际菌丛相互作用中无局部适应性。

植物对菌根真菌的局部适应性有助于确定菌根相互作用的结果。然而，相对较少的工作探讨与外生菌根真菌相互作用的进化潜力，并且很少有研究探讨菌根反应性的遗传性，这是发生局部适应所必需的。我们使用来自四个松树樟子松（Pinus sylvestris）的幼苗和土壤建立了相互接种实验），来自苏格兰，测量4个月后幼苗对菌根接种的反应。我们估计了反应性状的遗传力，并测试了基因型×环境相互作用。虽然我们发现外生菌根反应是高度可遗传的，但我们没有发现证据表明松树种群在本地适应真菌群落。相反，我们发现了松树种群与土壤接种物之间复杂的相互作用。我们的结果表明，尽管苏格兰松树有可能对菌根真菌进行进化，但苏格兰的进化并未导致局部适应。较长的世代时间以及真菌群落响应环境变化而迅速转移的潜力，可能排除了在该物种中进行这种适应的机会，