Previous studies have documented varying fertility responses to childhood mortality and to the sex composition of the surviving offspring during the demographic transition. We contribute to this literature by applying a mixture cure model to reproductive histories of Estonian women born 1850–99. This model, unlike standard event history models, is capable of separating the effect of the covariates on the propensity of having another birth from their effect on its timing. Child fatalities, not having sons, and to a smaller extent, not having daughters, increased the propensity to have another child and decreased the interval to it. The response was stronger among later cohorts, but only with respect to parity progression. By contrast, the accelerated childbearing response diminished over time. Our findings suggest that behavioural responses in the quantum and tempo of childbearing can occur relatively independently.

中文翻译：

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后代的生存和性别组成：人口转变过程中生育水平和速度的个体水平反应。

先前的研究记录了人口统计学变化对生育率对儿童死亡率和存活后代性别组成的不同反应。我们通过将混合治疗模型应用于1850-99年出生的爱沙尼亚妇女的生殖史，为这一文献做出了贡献。与标准事件历史模型不同，该模型能够将协变量对重生的倾向的影响与其对时间的影响分开。没有儿子的儿童死亡，以及没有女儿的儿童死亡，在一定程度上增加了生育另一个孩子的可能性，并缩短了生育间隔。在后来的队列中，反应更强，但仅在均等进展方面。相反，随着时间的流逝，加速的生育反应有所减弱。