The aim of this study was to determine whether the living conditions of school children affects their body structure and muscular strength. Data were taken from 400 girls and 341 boys aged 7–15 years attending nine primary schools in Warsaw in 1997. A questionnaire was completed, anthropological measurements made and two muscular strength tests conducted. The questionnaire asked questions on the children’s level of education, their parents’ professions and monthly incomes, the number of persons in the family and the number of rooms in the family’s apartment/home. Body height, body weight, chest and arm circumferences, grip strength and vertical jump height were measured and used to calculate body mass index, Marty’s Index and the Sargent Vertical Jump Index. Statistical tests included Student’s t-test, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and multiple regression analysis. Body height, chest circumference, Sargent Vertical Jump Index and grip strength were significantly greater in the boys than the girls. Two factors, namely ‘socioeconomic status’ (F1) and ‘family size’ (F2), describing living conditions, were isolated after PCA. Boys from bigger families (F2) were shorter, with lower weights and BMIs, smaller chest and arm circumferences and greater grip strengths than those from smaller families, whereas girls from families of lower socioeconomic status (F1) weighed less and had greater BMIs and arm circumferences than those from higher socioeconomic status families. The results suggest that boys seem to be more ‘ecosensitive’ than girls.

中文翻译：

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华沙小学生的身体结构、肌肉力量和生活状况

本研究的目的是确定学童的生活条件是否会影响他们的身体结构和肌肉力量。数据来自 1997 年在华沙 9 所小学就读的 400 名女孩和 341 名 7-15 岁男孩。完成了问卷调查，进行了人类学测量并进行了两次肌肉力量测试。问卷询问孩子的受教育程度、父母的职业和月收入、家庭人数以及家庭公寓/家中的房间数量。测量身高、体重、胸围和臂围、握力和垂直跳跃高度，并用于计算体重指数、马蒂指数和萨金特垂直跳跃指数。统计测试包括学生的吨-测试，主成分分析（PCA）和多元回归分析。男孩的身高、胸围、萨金特垂直跳跃指数和握力明显高于女孩。描述生活条件的两个因素，即“社会经济地位”（F1）和“家庭规模”（F2），在 PCA 后被隔离。来自较大家庭 (F2) 的男孩比来自较小家庭的男孩更矮，体重和 BMI 更低，胸围和臂围更小，握力更强，而来自社会经济地位较低家庭 (F1) 的女孩体重更轻，BMI 和手臂更大周长高于社会经济地位较高的家庭。结果表明，男孩似乎比女孩更“生态敏感”。