The primary study objective was to characterize the pattern of in‐hospital mortality in dogs with gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV), with a focus on preoperative nonsurvival.

中文翻译：

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患有胃扩张和肠扭转的犬的死亡方式。

主要研究目标是表征患有胃扩张和肠扭转（GDV）的犬的院内死亡率模式，重点是术前的非生存期。