BACKGROUND Air pollution has been related to brain structural alterations, but a relationship with white matter microstructure is unclear. OBJECTIVES We assessed whether pregnancy and childhood exposures to air pollution are related to white matter microstructure in preadolescents. METHODS We used data of 2,954 children from the Generation R Study, a population-based birth cohort from Rotterdam, Netherlands (2002-2006). Concentrations of 17 air pollutants including nitrogen oxides (NOX), particulate matter (PM), and components of PM were estimated at participants' homes during pregnancy and childhood using land-use regression models. Diffusion tensor images were obtained at child's 9-12 years of age, and fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were computed. We performed linear regressions adjusting for socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics. Single-pollutant analyses were followed by multipollutant analyses using the Deletion/Substitution/Addition (DSA) algorithm. RESULTS In the single-pollutant analyses, higher concentrations of several air pollutants during pregnancy or childhood were associated with significantly lower FA or higher MD (p<0.05). In multipollutant models of pregnancy exposures selected by DSA, higher concentration of fine particles was associated with significantly lower FA [-0.71 (95% CI: -1.26, -0.16) per 5 μg/m3 fine particles] and higher concentration of elemental silicon with significantly higher MD [0.06 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.11) per 100 ng/m3 silicon]. Multipollutant models of childhood exposures selected by DSA indicated significant associations of NOX with FA [-0.14 (95% CI: -0.23, -0.04) per 20-μg/m3 NOX increase], and of elemental zinc and the oxidative potential of PM with MD [0.03 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.04) per 10-ng/m3 zinc increase and 0.07 (95% CI: 0.00, 0.44) per 1-nmol DTT/min/m3 oxidative potential increase]. Mutually adjusted models of significant exposures during pregnancy and childhood indicated significant associations of silicon during pregnancy, and zinc during childhood, with MD. DISCUSSION Exposure in pregnancy and childhood to air pollutants from tailpipe and non-tailpipe emissions were associated with lower FA and higher MD in white matter of preadolescents. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4709.

中文翻译：

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怀孕和儿童时期暴露于空气污染中，前发光物质中的白色物质微观结构。

背景技术空气污染与脑结构改变有关，但是与白质微结构的关系尚不清楚。目的我们评估了怀孕和儿童暴露于空气污染是否与青春期前的白质微观结构有关。方法我们使用了来自R代研究的2954名儿童的数据，该研究来自荷兰鹿特丹（2002-2006年），基于人口的出生队列。使用土地利用回归模型估算了参与者在怀孕和儿童时期的家中17种空气污染物的浓度，其中包括氮氧化物（NOX），颗粒物（PM）和PM的成分。在儿童9-12岁时获得扩散张量图像，并计算分数各向异性（FA）和平均扩散率（MD）。我们根据社会经济和生活方式特征进行了线性回归调整。使用删除/替代/加法（DSA）算法进行单污染物分析之后是多污染物分析。结果在单污染物分析中，怀孕或儿童时期几种空气污染物的较高浓度与FA显着降低或MD较高相关（p <0.05）。在通过DSA选择的妊娠暴露的多污染物模型中，较高的微粒浓度与FA显着降低[每5μg/ m3微粒-0.71（95％CI：-1.26，-0.16）-]和较高的元素硅浓度相关。 MD明显更高[每100 ng / m3硅0.06（95％CI：0.01，0.11）。DSA选择的儿童暴露的多污染物模型表明，NOX与FA显着相关[-0。每增加20-μg/ m3 NOx 14（95％CI：-0.23，-0.04），元素锌和具有MD的PM的氧化电位[0.03（95％CI：0.01，0.04）每10-ng /每1 nmol DTT / min / m3氧化电位增加m3锌和0.07（95％CI：0.00，0.44）。孕期和童年期间大量暴露的相互调整模型表明，孕期硅和童年时期锌与MD显着相关。讨论孕妇和儿童期暴露于来自尾管和非尾管排放的空气污染物与青春期前白质中较低的FA和较高的MD有关。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4709。44）每1 nmol DTT / min / m3的氧化电位增加]。孕期和童年期间大量暴露的相互调整模型表明，孕期硅和童年时期锌与MD显着相关。讨论孕妇和儿童期暴露于来自尾管和非尾管排放的空气污染物与青春期前白质中较低的FA和较高的MD有关。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4709。44）每1 nmol DTT / min / m3的氧化电位增加]。孕期和童年期间大量暴露的相互调整模型表明，孕期硅和童年时期锌与MD显着相关。讨论孕妇和儿童期暴露于来自尾管和非尾管排放的空气污染物与青春期前白质中较低的FA和较高的MD有关。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4709。讨论孕妇和儿童期暴露于来自尾管和非尾管排放的空气污染物与青春期前白质中较低的FA和较高的MD有关。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4709。讨论孕妇和儿童期暴露于来自尾管和非尾管排放的空气污染物与青春期前白质中较低的FA和较高的MD有关。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4709。