Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common adult malignancies worldwide, and a major leading cause of cancer-related death in men in Western societies. In the last years, the prognosis of advanced PCa patients has been impressively improved thanks to the development of different therapeutic agents, including taxanes (docetaxel and cabazitaxel), second-generation anti-hormonal agents (abiraterone and enzalutamide), and the radiopharmaceutical Radium-223. However, great efforts are still needed to properly select the most appropriate treatment for each single patient.Areas covered: Several prognostic or predictive biomarkers have been studied, none of which has an established validated role in daily clinical practice. This paper analyzed the major biomarkers (including PSA, androgen receptor (AR) splice variants, βIII-tubulin, ALP, circulating tumor cells, and DNA repair genes) with a potential prognostic and/or predictive role in advanced PCa patients.Expert commentary: Surrogate biomarkers - measurable, reproducible, closely associated with tumor behavior and linked to relevant clinical outcomes - are urgently needed to improve PCa patient management.

中文翻译：

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对晚期前列腺癌治疗反应的生物标志物。

简介：前列腺癌 (PCa) 是全球最常见的成人恶性肿瘤之一，也是西方社会男性癌症相关死亡的主要原因。在过去的几年里，由于不同治疗药物的开发，包括紫杉烷类药物（多西他赛和卡巴他赛）、第二代抗激素药物（阿比特龙和恩杂鲁胺）以及放射性药物镭- 223. 然而，仍然需要付出巨大努力来为每位患者正确选择最合适的治疗方法。涵盖的领域： 已经研究了几种预后或预测生物标志物，但没有一个在日常临床实践中具有确定的验证作用。本文分析了主要生物标志物（包括PSA、雄激素受体（AR）剪接变异体、βIII-微管蛋白、ALP、