Evolutionary-developmental theories consider the evolved mechanisms underlying adaptive behavioral strategies shaped in response to early environmental cues. Identifying neural mechanisms mediating processes of conditional adaptation in humans is an active area of research. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) captures functional connectivity theorized to represent the underlying functional architecture of the brain. This allows for investigating how underlying functional brain connections are related to early experiences during development, as well as current traits and behaviors. This review explores the potential of RS-fMRI of the amygdala (AMY) for advancing research on the neural mechanisms underlying adaptive strategies developed in early adverse environments. RS-fMRI studies of early life stress (ELS) and AMY functional connectivity within the frame of evolutionary theories are reviewed, specifically regarding the development of self-regulatory strategies. The potential of RS-fMRI for investigating the effects of ELS on developmental trajectories of self-regulation is discussed.

中文翻译：

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杏仁核静息态功能磁共振成像在阐明自适应自我调节策略的神经机制中的潜力：系统评价。

进化发展理论考虑了适应早期环境线索而形成的适应性行为策略的进化机制。识别介导人类条件适应过程的神经机制是一个活跃的研究领域。静止状态功能磁共振成像（RS-fMRI）捕获理论上代表大脑潜​​在功能结构的功能连接性。这可以研究潜在的功能性大脑连接与发育过程中的早期经验以及当前的特征和行为之间的关系。这项审查探索杏仁核的RS-fMRI（AMY）的潜力，以促进对早期不良环境中发展的适应策略基础的神经机制的研究。回顾了进化理论框架内有关早期生命压力（ELS）和AMY功能连接性的RS-fMRI研究，特别是关于自我调节策略的发展。讨论了RS-fMRI在研究ELS对自我调节的发展轨迹的影响方面的潜力。