The HoBi‐like pestivirus (HoBiPeV), currently classified as Pestivirus H species, is a pathogen associated with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations in ruminants, particularly in cattle. Since HoBiPeV complete genome sequencing data is scarce, in the present study we described five nearly complete new Brazilian HoBiPeV genomes and further perform a more complete genetic and evolutionary characterization with all additional genome sequences available in the GenBank database. Entropy and selection pressure analysis showed the E2 gene, a surface glycoprotein, is the most variable gene, which also displays the greatest number of sites under positive selection. Phylogenetic and Bayesian inference based on complete genome and N^pro gene, respectively, from all HoBiPeV sequences available so far, confirms the existence of three main clades (a, b, and c). The abovementioned analysis suggests that this pestivirus species probably emerged in Asia and spread to different regions including Brazil, where only strains belonging to specific genetic group ‘a’ have been found. The hypothesis of the HoBiPeV introduction in Brazil (between 1,890 and 1,962), formulated based on Bayesian inference, coincides with a period of intensive importation of water buffalo (Bubalus arnee) and indicine cattle (Bos taurus indicus) from Asia to Brazil, suggesting that this could be the origin of the current Brazilian HoBiPeV genetic group ‘a’.

中文翻译：

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HoBi 类瘟病毒的系统发育和进化分析：对起源和传播的见解。

HoBi 样瘟病毒 (HoBiPeV) 目前被归类为瘟病毒 H种，是一种与反刍动物（尤其是牛）的广泛临床表现相关的病原体。由于 HoBiPeV 完整基因组测序数据稀缺，在本研究中，我们描述了五个几乎完整的新巴西 HoBiPeV 基因组，并进一步利用 GenBank 数据库中提供的所有其他基因组序列进行更完整的遗传和进化表征。熵和选择压力分析表明，E2 基因（一种表面糖蛋白）是变异最大的基因，在正选择下也显示出最多数量的位点。分别基于完整基因组和 N ^pro基因的系统发育和贝叶斯推断，来自迄今为止所有可用的 HoBiPeV 序列，证实了三个主要进化枝（a、b 和 c）的存在。上述分析表明，这种瘟病毒可能起源于亚洲，并传播到包括巴西在内的不同地区，而巴西仅发现了属于特定基因组“a”的毒株。根据贝叶斯推理提出的 HoBiPeV 引入巴西的假设（1,890 年至 1,962 年）恰逢从亚洲向巴西大量进口水牛 ( Bubalus arnee ) 和印度牛 ( Bos taurus indicus ) 的时期，这表明：这可能是当前巴西 HoBiPeV 基因组“a”的起源。