Neonicotinoid pesticides are widely applied for controlling pests in a variety of agriculture crops. Due to the systemic distribution in plants, neonicotinoid pesticides have been found in nectar and pollen, which are the main source of food for the important pollinator honeybee. The risk of neonicotinoid residues in honeybee products and honeybee has caused great attention since their impacts on the environment, ecology, and food safety issues. These concerns require the accurate and sensitive determination of neonicotinoids and their metabolites in the honeybee products and honeybee. Since the trace residue level of neonicotinoid and the complexity of the samples, analysis of neonicotinoid targets in these important matrices is still a great challenge. The present review provides general overview of analytical methods for the determination of neonicotinoid pesticides and their metabolites in honeybee products and honeybee.

中文翻译：

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测定蜜蜂产品和蜜蜂中新烟碱类农药的分析方法概述。

新烟碱类杀虫剂广泛用于防治多种农作物的害虫。由于植物中的系统分布，新烟碱类农药在花蜜和花粉中被发现，它们是重要传粉媒介蜜蜂的主要食物来源。蜜蜂产品和蜜蜂中的新烟碱残留风险因其对环境、生态和食品安全问题的影响而引起了人们的高度关注。这些问题需要准确、灵敏地测定蜜蜂产品和蜜蜂中的新烟碱类物质及其代谢物。由于新烟碱的痕量残留水平和样品的复杂性，分析这些重要基质中的新烟碱目标仍然是一个巨大的挑战。