Inflammation is a physiological intrinsic host response to injury meant for removal of noxious stimuli and maintenance of homeostasis. It is a defensive body mechanism that involves immune cells, blood vessels and molecular mediators of inflammation. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroidal hormones responsible for regulation of homeostatic and metabolic functions of body. Synthetic GCs are the most useful anti-inflammatory drugs used for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), allergies, multiple sclerosis, tendinitis, lupus, atopic dermatitis, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis whereas, the long term use of GCs are associated with many side effects. The anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive (desired) effects of GCs are usually mediated by transrepression mechanism whereas; the metabolic and toxic (undesired) effects are usually manifested by transactivation mechanism. Though GCs are most potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs, the common problem associated with their use is GC resistance. Several research studies are rising to comprehend these mechanisms, which would be helpful in improving the GC resistance in asthma and COPD patients. This review aims to focus on identification of new drug targets in inflammation which will be helpful in the resolution of inflammation. The ample understanding of GC mechanisms of action helps in the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disease with reduced side effects and minimal toxicity.

中文翻译：

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对糖皮质激素的新型抗炎作用模式的新见解。

炎症是对损伤的生理性内在宿主反应，旨在消除有害刺激并维持体内稳态。它是一种防御性身体机制，涉及免疫细胞，血管和炎症分子介体。糖皮质激素（GCs）是负责调节体内稳态和代谢功能的甾体激素。合成GC是用于治疗慢性炎性疾病的最有用的消炎药，例如哮喘，慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD），过敏，多发性硬化症，腱炎，狼疮，特应性皮炎，溃疡性结肠炎，类风湿性关节炎和骨关节炎，长期使用GC会带来许多副作用。GC的抗炎和免疫抑制（理想）作用通常由反式抑制机制介导，而 代谢和毒性（不需要的）作用通常通过反式激活机制来体现。尽管GC是最有效的抗炎和免疫抑制药物，但与它们使用相关的常见问题是GC耐药性。越来越多的研究了解这些机制，这将有助于改善哮喘和COPD患者的GC抵抗力。这篇综述的重点是鉴定炎症中的新药物靶标，这将有助于解决炎症。