BACKGROUND Disability resulting from headache disorders is attributable in part to avoidant coping. Acceptance of pain connotes a willingness to experience pain in the service of life values, such that meaningful activities and goals are pursued despite pain. Acceptance facilitates positive health outcomes but has rarely been investigated in headache. Because headache disorders manifest differently than other forms of chronic pain, the present study sought to develop and validate a measure of acceptance of headache. METHODS Forty-five candidate items were developed and, with input from an expert panel, reduced to 24 items. Five items were eliminated following administration to a development sample and exploratory factory analysis. Nineteen items were administered to a validation sample for confirmatory factory analysis and assessment of psychometric properties. RESULTS Factor analysis produced a unidimensional six-item measure, the Headache Acceptance Questionnaire (HAQ). The HAQ evidenced good internal consistency, convergent validity with headache disability and related psychological constructs, and divergent validity with social desirability. The measure also distinguished between headache diagnostic groups. CONCLUSIONS Pending further validation in clinical settings, the HAQ may have utility in assessing psychological responses to headache symptoms, identifying targets of treatment for interventions that focus on reducing avoidance, and studying mechanisms of change.

中文翻译：

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制定评估头痛接受度的措施：头痛接受度问卷 (HAQ)。

背景技术由头痛引起的残疾部分归因于回避性应对。接受痛苦意味着愿意在为生命价值服务的过程中体验痛苦，因此尽管痛苦，仍会追求有意义的活动和目标。接受促进积极的健康结果，但很少在头痛方面进行调查。由于头痛障碍的表现与其他形式的慢性疼痛不同，本研究试图开发和验证头痛接受度的衡量标准。方法 开发了 45 个候选项目，并在专家小组的输入下减少到 24 个项目。在对开发样本进行管理和探索性工厂分析后，消除了五个项目。对验证样本进行了 19 个项目，用于验证性工厂分析和心理测量特性的评估。结果 因子分析产生了一个一维的六项测量，头痛接受问卷 (HAQ)。HAQ 证明了良好的内部一致性、头痛残疾和相关心理结构的收敛效度，以及社会期望的发散效度。该措施还区分了头痛诊断组。结论 在临床环境中进一步验证之前，HAQ 可能有助于评估对头痛症状的心理反应，确定干预措施的治疗目标，重点是减少回避，以及研究变化机制。头痛接受问卷 (HAQ)。HAQ 证明了良好的内部一致性、头痛残疾和相关心理结构的收敛效度，以及社会期望的发散效度。该措施还区分了头痛诊断组。结论 在临床环境中进一步验证之前，HAQ 可能有助于评估对头痛症状的心理反应，确定干预措施的治疗目标，重点是减少回避，以及研究变化机制。头痛接受问卷 (HAQ)。HAQ 证明了良好的内部一致性、头痛残疾和相关心理结构的收敛效度，以及社会期望的发散效度。该措施还区分了头痛诊断组。结论 在临床环境中进一步验证之前，HAQ 可能有助于评估对头痛症状的心理反应，确定干预措施的治疗目标，重点是减少回避，以及研究变化机制。