Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used for treatment of musculoskeletal diseases in horses, but there is ongoing debate regarding the relative safety and efficacy of allogeneic MSCs, compared with autologous equine MSCs. This review summarises the currently available published data regarding the therapeutic use of autologous and allogeneic MSCs in horses. Arguments that have been advanced against the use of allogeneic MSCs include higher risk of immunological reactions and shorter cell survival times following injection. Arguments favouring the use of allogeneic MSCs include the ability to bank cells and reduce the time to treatment, to collect MSCs from younger donor animals and the ability to manipulate banked cells prior to administration. In vitro studies and a limited set of experimental in vivo studies have indicated that adverse immunological reactions may occur when allogeneic MSCs are administered to horses. However, newer studies lack evidence of inflammatory reactions or adverse clinical responses when allogeneic MSCs are administered and compared with autologous MSCs. Thus, while the relative merits of allogeneic vs autologous MSCs for treatment of musculoskeletal injuries in horses have not been fully established, accumulating evidence from studies in horses suggests that allogeneic MSCs maybe a safe alternative to autologous MSCs. Large, properly designed, randomised trials in addition to careful immunological evaluation of short‐term and long‐term, local and systemic immune responses are needed to more fully resolve the issue.

中文翻译：

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间充质干细胞用于治疗马的肌肉骨骼疾病：同种异体干细胞与自体干细胞的相对优点。

间充质干细胞（MSCs）被广泛用于治疗马的肌肉骨骼疾病，但是与同种马MSCs相比，同种异体MSCs的相对安全性和有效性仍存在争议。这篇综述总结了关于自体和同种异体MSC在马中的治疗用途的当前可获得的公开数据。反对使用同种异体MSC的论点包括免疫反应的较高风险和注射后较短的细胞存活时间。赞成使用同种异体MSC的论点包括能够储存细胞并减少治疗时间，从较年轻的供体动物收集MSC的能力以及在给药前操纵储存细胞的能力。体外研究和一组有限的体内实验研究表明，将同种异体MSC施用给马匹可能会发生不利的免疫反应。但是，较新的研究缺乏同种异体MSC给药并与自体MSC相比时炎症反应或不良临床反应的证据。因此，虽然同种异体MSC与自体MSC在治疗马的骨骼肌损伤方面的相对优势尚未完全确立，但从马研究中收集的证据表明，同种异体MSC可能是自体MSC的安全替代品。除了对短期和长期，局部和全身免疫反应进行仔细的免疫学评估以外，还需要进行大型，设计合理的随机试验，以更全面地解决该问题。