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HIV-1 Central Nervous System Compartmentalization and Cytokine Interplay in Non-Subtype B HIV-1 Infections in Nigeria and Malawi.
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-28 , DOI: 10.1089/aid.2019.0245
Olubusuyi Moses Adewumi 1, 2 , Elena Dukhovlinova 3 , Nathan Y Shehu 4 , Shuntai Zhou 3 , Olivia D Council 3, 5 , Maxwell O Akanbi 4, 6 , Babafemi Taiwo 7 , Adesola Ogunniyi 8 , Kevin Robertson 9 , Cecilia Kanyama 10 , Mina C Hosseinipour 10, 11 , Ronald Swanstrom 3, 5, 12
Affiliation  

HIV-1 compartmentalization in the central nervous system (CNS) and its contribution to neurological disease have been well documented. Previous studies were conducted among people infected with subtypes B or C where CNS compartmentalization has been observed when comparing viral sequences in the blood to virus in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, little is known about CNS compartmentalization in other HIV-1 subtypes. Using a deep sequencing approach with Primer ID, we conducted a cross-sectional study among Nigerian and Malawian HIV-1 cohorts with or without fungal Cryptococcus infection diagnosed as cryptococcal meningitis (CM) to determine the extent of CSF/CNS compartmentalization with CM. Paired plasma and CSF samples from 45 participants were also analyzed for cytokine/chemokine levels. Viral populations comparing virus in the blood and the CSF ranged from compartmentalized to equilibrated, including minor or partial compartmentalization or clonal amplification of a single viral sequence. The frequency of compartmentalized viral populations in the blood and CSF was similar between the CM− and CM+ participants. We confirmed the potential to see compartmentalization with subtype C infection and have also documented CNS compartmentalization of an HIV-1 subtype G infection. Cytokine profiles indicated a proinflammatory environment, especially within the CSF/CNS. However, sCD163 was suppressed in the CSF in the presence of CM, perhaps due to elevated levels of IL-4, which were also a feature of the cytokine profile, showing a distinct cytokine profile with CM.

中文翻译:

在尼日利亚和马拉维的非B型HIV-1感染中,HIV-1中枢神经系统分隔和细胞因子相互作用。

HIV-1在中枢神经系统(CNS)中的区室化及其对神经系统疾病的贡献已得到充分证明。以前的研究是在感染了B型或C型亚型的人群中进行的,其中,当比较血液中的病毒序列与脑脊液(CSF)中的病毒时,已经观察到CNS分隔。但是,对其他HIV-1亚型中的CNS分隔了解甚少。我们使用具有引物ID的深度测序方法,对尼日利亚和马拉维的HIV-1队列进行了横断面研究,无论是否诊断为隐球菌脑膜炎(CM),均存在真菌隐球菌感染,以确定CSF / CNS与CM分隔的程度。还分析了来自45名参与者的配对血浆和CSF样品的细胞因子/趋化因子水平。比较血液和脑脊液中病毒的病毒种群范围从分隔到平衡,包括较小或部分分隔或单个病毒序列的克隆扩增。在CM-和CM +参与者之间,血液和CSF中间隔病毒种群的频率相似。我们证实了看到C型亚型感染的可能性,并且还记录了HIV-1亚型G感染的CNS的疾病。细胞因子谱表明存在促炎环境,尤其是在CSF / CNS内。然而,在存在CM的情况下,sCD163在CSF中受到抑制,可能是由于IL-4水平升高,这也是细胞因子谱的一个特征,与CM表现出明显的细胞因子谱。包括单个病毒序列的轻微或部分区室化或克隆扩增。在CM-和CM +参与者之间,血液和CSF中间隔病毒种群的频率相似。我们确认了看到C型亚型感染的可能性,并且还记录了HIV-1亚型G感染的CNS的疾病。细胞因子谱表明存在促炎环境,尤其是在CSF / CNS内。然而,在存在CM的情况下,sCD163在CSF中受到抑制,可能是由于IL-4水平升高,这也是细胞因子谱的一个特征,与CM表现出明显的细胞因子谱。包括单个病毒序列的轻微或部分区室化或克隆扩增。在CM-和CM +参与者之间,血液和CSF中间隔病毒种群的频率相似。我们确认了看到C型亚型感染的可能性,并且还记录了HIV-1亚型G型感染的CNS的疾病。细胞因子谱表明存在促炎环境,尤其是在CSF / CNS内。然而,在存在CM的情况下,sCD163在CSF中受到抑制,可能是由于IL-4水平升高,这也是细胞因子谱的一个特征,与CM表现出明显的细胞因子谱。在CM-和CM +参与者之间,血液和CSF中间隔病毒种群的频率相似。我们确认了看到C型亚型感染的可能性,并且还记录了HIV-1亚型G型感染的CNS的疾病。细胞因子谱表明存在促炎环境,尤其是在CSF / CNS内。然而,在存在CM的情况下,sCD163在CSF中受到抑制,可能是由于IL-4水平升高,这也是细胞因子谱的一个特征,与CM表现出明显的细胞因子谱。在CM-和CM +参与者之间,血液和CSF中间隔病毒种群的频率相似。我们确认了看到C型亚型感染的可能性,并且还记录了HIV-1亚型G型感染的CNS的疾病。细胞因子谱表明存在促炎环境,尤其是在CSF / CNS内。然而,在存在CM的情况下,sCD163在CSF中受到抑制,可能是由于IL-4水平升高,这也是细胞因子谱的一个特征,与CM表现出明显的细胞因子谱。
更新日期:2020-05-28
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