Infections with any of the nine human herpes viruses (HHV) can be asymptomatic or life-threatening. The study of patients with severe diseases caused by HHVs, in the absence of overt acquired immunodeficiency, has led to the discovery or diagnosis of various inborn errors of immunity. The related inborn errors of adaptive immunity disrupt α/β T-cell rather than B-cell immunity. Affected patients typically develop HHV infections in the context of other infectious diseases. However, this is not always the case, as illustrated by inborn errors of SAP-dependent T-cell immunity to EBV-infected B cells. The related inborn errors of innate immunity disrupt leukocytes other than T and B cells, non-hematopoietic cells, or both. Patients typically develop only a single type of infection due to HHV, although, again, this is not always the case, as illustrated by inborn errors of TLR3 immunity resulting in HSV1 encephalitis in some patients and influenza pneumonitis in others. Most severe HHV infections in otherwise healthy patients remains unexplained. The forward human genetic dissection of isolated and syndromic HHV-driven illnesses will establish the molecular and cellular basis of protective immunity to HHVs, paving the way for novel diagnosis and management strategies.

中文翻译：

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人类对疱疹病毒的先天免疫错误。

感染九种人类疱疹病毒 (HHV) 中的任何一种都可能无症状或危及生命。在没有明显的获得性免疫缺陷的情况下，对由 HHV 引起的严重疾病患者的研究导致发现或诊断了各种先天性免疫错误。适应性免疫的相关先天错误会破坏 α/β T 细胞而不是 B 细胞免疫。受影响的患者通常在其他传染病的背景下发生 HHV 感染。然而，情况并非总是如此，正如 SAP 依赖性 T 细胞对 EBV 感染的 B 细胞免疫的先天错误所说明的那样。先天免疫的相关先天性错误会破坏除 T 和 B 细胞、非造血细胞或两者之外的白细胞。由于 HHV，患者通常只发生一种类型的感染，尽管情况并非总是如此，正如 TLR3 免疫的先天性错误所说明的那样，导致一些患者出现 HSV1 脑炎，而另一些患者则导致流感肺炎。在其他方面健康的患者中，大多数严重的 HHV 感染仍然无法解释。对孤立性和综合征性 HHV 驱动的疾病进行人类遗传学分析，将为 HHV 的保护性免疫奠定分子和细胞基础，为新的诊断和管理策略铺平道路。