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Pollen color morphs take different paths to fitness
Journal of Evolutionary Biology ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-18 , DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13599 Matthew H Koski 1, 2 , Andrea E Berardi 3 , Laura F Galloway 2
Journal of Evolutionary Biology ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-18 , DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13599 Matthew H Koski 1, 2 , Andrea E Berardi 3 , Laura F Galloway 2
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Colour phenotypes are often involved in communication and are thus under selection by species interactions. However, selection may also act on colour through correlated traits or alternative functions of biochemical pigments. Such forms of selection are instrumental in maintaining petal colour diversity in plants. Pollen colour also varies markedly, but the maintenance of this variation is little understood. In Campanula americana, pollen ranges from white to dark purple, with darker morphs garnering more pollinator visits and exhibiting elevated pollen performance under heat stress. Here, we generate an F2 population segregating for pollen colour and measure correlations with floral traits, pollen attributes and plant‐level traits related to fitness. We determine the pigment biochemistry of colour variants and evaluate maternal and paternal fitness of light and dark morphs by crossing within and between morphs. Pollen colour was largely uncorrelated with floral traits (petal colour, size, nectar traits) suggesting it can evolve independently. Darker pollen grains were larger and had higher anthocyanin content (cyanidin and peonidin) which may explain why they outperform light pollen under heat stress. Overall, pollen‐related fitness metrics were greater for dark pollen, and dark pollen sires generated seeds with higher germination potential. Conversely, light pollen plants produce 61% more flowers than dark, and 18% more seeds per fruit, suggesting a seed production advantage. Results indicate that light and dark morphs may achieve fitness through different means—dark morphs appear to have a pollen advantage whereas light morphs have an ovule advantage—helping to explain the maintenance of pollen colour variation.
中文翻译：
花粉颜色变形采取不同的健身途径
颜色表型通常参与交流，因此受到物种相互作用的选择。然而，选择也可能通过生化色素的相关性状或替代功能作用于颜色。这种选择形式有助于维持植物花瓣颜色的多样性。花粉颜色也有显着变化，但人们对这种变化的维持知之甚少。在美洲风铃草中，花粉的颜色从白色到深紫色不等，颜色越深，传粉者访问次数越多，并且在热应激下表现出更高的花粉性能。在这里，我们生成了一个 F2 种群，用于分离花粉颜色，并测量与花卉性状、花粉属性和与适应度相关的植物级性状的相关性。我们确定颜色变体的色素生物化学，并通过在变种内和变种之间交叉来评估浅色和深色变体的母本和父本适合度。花粉颜色与花卉特征（花瓣颜色、大小、花蜜特征）在很大程度上无关，表明它可以独立进化。深色花粉粒更大，花青素含量更高（花青素和芍药苷），这可以解释为什么它们在热应激下的表现优于浅色花粉。总体而言，暗花粉的花粉相关适应性指标更高，暗花粉公种产生的种子具有更高的发芽潜力。相反，浅色花粉植物比深色花多 61%，每个果实多出 18% 的种子，表明种子生产优势。
更新日期：2020-02-18
中文翻译：
花粉颜色变形采取不同的健身途径
颜色表型通常参与交流，因此受到物种相互作用的选择。然而，选择也可能通过生化色素的相关性状或替代功能作用于颜色。这种选择形式有助于维持植物花瓣颜色的多样性。花粉颜色也有显着变化，但人们对这种变化的维持知之甚少。在美洲风铃草中，花粉的颜色从白色到深紫色不等，颜色越深，传粉者访问次数越多，并且在热应激下表现出更高的花粉性能。在这里，我们生成了一个 F2 种群，用于分离花粉颜色，并测量与花卉性状、花粉属性和与适应度相关的植物级性状的相关性。我们确定颜色变体的色素生物化学，并通过在变种内和变种之间交叉来评估浅色和深色变体的母本和父本适合度。花粉颜色与花卉特征（花瓣颜色、大小、花蜜特征）在很大程度上无关，表明它可以独立进化。深色花粉粒更大，花青素含量更高（花青素和芍药苷），这可以解释为什么它们在热应激下的表现优于浅色花粉。总体而言，暗花粉的花粉相关适应性指标更高，暗花粉公种产生的种子具有更高的发芽潜力。相反，浅色花粉植物比深色花多 61%，每个果实多出 18% 的种子，表明种子生产优势。
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