Immunological memory is defined by the ability of the host to recognise and mount a robust secondary response against a previously encountered pathogen. Classic immune memory is an evolutionary adaptation of the vertebrate immune system that has been attributed to adaptive lymphocytes, including T and B cells. In contrast, the innate immune system was known for its conserved, non-specific roles in rapid host defence, but historically was considered to be unable to generate memory. Recent studies have challenged our understanding of innate immunity and now provides a growing body of evidence for innate immune memory. However, in many species and in various cell types the underlying mechanisms of immune 'memory' formation remain poorly understood. The purpose of this review is to explore and summarise the emerging evidence for immunological 'memory' in plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates.

中文翻译：

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先天免疫记忆：从植物到动物。

免疫记忆是由宿主识别并针对先前遇到的病原体产生强大的二级反应的能力来定义的。经典免疫记忆是脊椎动物免疫系统的进化适应，归因于适应性淋巴细胞，包括 T 和 B 细胞。相比之下，先天免疫系统以其在快速宿主防御中的保守、非特异性作用而闻名，但历史上被认为无法产生记忆。最近的研究挑战了我们对先天免疫的理解，现在为先天免疫记忆提供了越来越多的证据。然而，在许多物种和各种细胞类型中，免疫“记忆”形成的潜在机制仍然知之甚少。