ABSTRACT Some male infertility biomarkers are etiologically linked to idiopathic infertility in men, the direct cause of which often cannot be determined with conventional sperm count parameters. Open questions remain regarding the universal and generic infertility definitions that cover and combine the clinical, epidemiological, and demographic perspectives. The main effort in the application of these infertility biomarkers are accounted by more or less strict discrimination criteria. For male infertility, beyond classical sperm count assessments, the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) is an adequate biomarker. DFI strongly correlates with pregnancy rates and even strict discrimination criteria for infertility outcomes. Other common biomarkers are reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antisperm antibodies (ASAs), which can explain some biomedical infertility disorders within major constraints. More frequently applied in demographic research, telomere length component analysis is based on identifying the genetic impact of cellular longevity. Sperm telomere length is becoming established as a potential biomarker in infertility research. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current status and limitations to the application of novel biomarkers, including TEX101, for infertility research. The review also discusses potential options for the use of biomarkers in population-based studies. Abbreviations: ASAs: antisperm antibodies; DFI: DNA fragmentation index; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; ECM1: extracellular matrix protein 1; FSH: follicle stimulating hormone; HS: hypospermatogenesis: IVF: in vitro fertilization; LDHC: L-lactata dehydrogenase C chain; MA: maturation arrest; microTESE: microdissection testicular sperm extraction; NOA: nonobstructive azoospermia; NP: nonprogressive; OA: obstructive azoospermia; pH: potential Hyrogenii (pH-value); PR: progressive; PTGDS: prostaglandin D synthese; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SA: semen analysis; SCO: sertoli cell only; SCSA: sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA); TL: telomere length; TESE: testicular sperm extraction; TEX101: a glycoprotein that belongs to Ly6/urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor-like protein (uPAR)(LU) superfamily, to be a germ-cell-specific molecular sperm extraction; TUNEL: terminal deoxnucleotidyl dispersion tranferase dUTP nick-end labeling; WHO: World Health Organization

中文翻译：

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人口统计学研究的生物标志物：精子计数和其他男性不育生物标志物。

摘要某些男性不育生物标志物在病因上与男性特发性不育有关，其直接病因通常无法通过常规精子计数参数确定。关于涵盖和结合临床，流行病学和人口统计学观点的通用和通用不孕不育定义仍存在悬而未决的问题。应用这些不育生物标志物的主要努力是由或多或少严格的鉴别标准来解释的。对于男性不育症，除了经典的精子计数评估之外，DNA碎片指数（DFI）是足够的生物标志物。DFI与妊娠率乃至严格的不孕结果鉴别标准密切相关。其他常见的生物标志物是活性氧（ROS）和抗精子抗体（ASAs），这可以解释主要限制条件下的某些生物医学不育症。端粒长度成分分析是在识别细胞长寿的遗传影响的基础上更广泛地应用于人口统计学研究。精子端粒的长度已成为不育研究中潜在的生物标志物。这篇综述的目的是概述不育研究中包括TEX101在内的新型生物标志物的应用现状和局限性。该综述还讨论了在基于人群的研究中使用生物标志物的潜在选择。缩写：ASAs：抗精子抗体；DFI：DNA碎片指数；DNA：脱氧核糖核酸；ECM1：细胞外基质蛋白1；FSH：促卵泡激素；HS：过度生精：IVF：体外受精；LDHC：L-乳杆菌脱氢酶C链；MA：成熟逮捕；microTESE：显微解剖睾丸精子提取；NOA：非阻塞性无精症；NP：非渐进；OA：阻塞性无精子症；pH：潜在的Hyrogenii（pH值）；PR：进步；PTGDS：前列腺素D合成；ROS：活性氧；SA：精液分析；SCO：仅sertoli细胞；SCSA：精子染色质结构测定（SCSA）；TL：端粒长度；TESE：睾丸精子提取；TEX101：一种糖蛋白，属于Ly6 /尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体样蛋白（uPAR）（LU）超家族，属于生殖细胞特异性分子精子提取；TUNEL：末端脱氧核糖核苷酸分散转移酶dUTP缺口末端标记；世卫组织：世界卫生组织 非阻塞性无精子症; NP：非渐进；OA：阻塞性无精子症；pH：潜在的Hyrogenii（pH值）；PR：进步；PTGDS：前列腺素D合成；ROS：活性氧；SA：精液分析；SCO：仅sertoli细胞；SCSA：精子染色质结构测定（SCSA）；TL：端粒长度；TESE：睾丸精子提取；TEX101：一种糖蛋白，属于Ly6 /尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体样蛋白（uPAR）（LU）超家族，属于生殖细胞特异性分子精子提取；TUNEL：末端脱氧核糖核苷酸分散转移酶dUTP缺口末端标记；世卫组织：世界卫生组织 非阻塞性无精子症; NP：非渐进；OA：阻塞性无精子症；pH：潜在的Hyrogenii（pH值）；PR：进步；PTGDS：前列腺素D合成；ROS：活性氧；SA：精液分析；SCO：仅sertoli细胞；SCSA：精子染色质结构测定（SCSA）；TL：端粒长度；TESE：睾丸精子提取；TEX101：一种糖蛋白，属于Ly6 /尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体样蛋白（uPAR）（LU）超家族，属于生殖细胞特异性分子精子提取；TUNEL：末端脱氧核糖核苷酸分散转移酶dUTP缺口末端标记；世卫组织：世界卫生组织 精子染色质结构测定（SCSA）；TL：端粒长度；TESE：睾丸精子提取；TEX101：一种糖蛋白，属于Ly6 /尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体样蛋白（uPAR）（LU）超家族，属于生殖细胞特异性分子精子提取；TUNEL：末端脱氧核糖核苷酸分散转移酶dUTP缺口末端标记；世卫组织：世界卫生组织 精子染色质结构测定（SCSA）；TL：端粒长度；TESE：睾丸精子提取；TEX101：一种糖蛋白，属于Ly6 /尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体样蛋白（uPAR）（LU）超家族，属于生殖细胞特异性分子精子提取；TUNEL：末端脱氧核糖核苷酸分散转移酶dUTP缺口末端标记；世卫组织：世界卫生组织