Despite the extensive evaluation of school-based interventions for bullying, victimization remains a significant problem in schools. Bullying victimization is significantly predicted by contextual (school-related) factors. As a consequence whole-school programs have been commonly used to prevent and reduce bullying victimization. Evidence also points to individual risk factors (such as emotional distress) in predicting victimization, yet programs to prevent bullying victimization by changing these individual risks are far less developed. Few studies have approximated "real-world" implementation conditions in their trials. The current effectiveness trial evaluated the combination of a whole-school program designed to prevent bullying perpetration and victimization together with a targeted intervention for at-risk students, teaching them individual and dyadic strategies to reduce their anxiety and manage victimization, allowing schools some latitude to implement programs as they typically would. Students from Grades 3 and 4 (N = 8,732) across 135 schools were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: combined intervention; whole-school intervention only; individual intervention only; and care as usual. Victimization decreased significantly and similarly across all four conditions at 12 and 24 months following baseline. Similar reductions and failure to discriminate conditions were found on other key constructs: anxiety; bullying perpetration; and depression. Possible reasons for the failure to demonstrate victimization prevention differences and lessons learned from this large, effectiveness trial are considered.

中文翻译：

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将全校和有针对性的计划相结合以减少欺凌受害：一项随机、有效的试验

尽管对基于学校的欺凌干预措施进行了广泛评估，但受害仍然是学校中的一个重大问题。背景（与学校相关）因素可以显着预测欺凌受害情况。因此，全校计划已普遍用于预防和减少欺凌受害。证据还指出预测受害的个人风险因素（如情绪困扰），但通过改变这些个人风险来防止欺凌受害的计划还远未开发。很少有研究在其试验中接近“真实世界”的实施条件。当前的有效性试验评估了旨在防止欺凌行为和受害的全校计划与针对高危学生的有针对性的干预相结合，教他们个人和二元策略，以减少他们的焦虑和管理受害，让学校有一些自由来实施他们通常会做的计划。来自 135 所学校的 3 年级和 4 年级学生 (N = 8,732) 被随机分配到以下四种情况之一：联合干预；仅限全校干预；仅个人干预；并照常照顾。在基线后 12 个月和 24 个月，所有四种情况的受害情况均显着且相似地降低。在其他关键结构中发现了类似的减少和无法区分条件：焦虑；欺凌行为；和抑郁症。考虑了未能证明受害预防差异的可能原因以及从这项大型有效试验中吸取的教训。