OBJECTIVES We describe a method to identify human remains excavated from unmarked graves in historical Québec cemeteries by combining parental-lineage genetic markers with the whole-population genealogy of Québec contained in the BALSAC database. MATERIALS AND METHODS The remains of six men were exhumed from four historical cemeteries in the province of Québec, Canada. DNA was extracted from the remains and genotyped to reveal their mitochondrial and Y-chromosome haplotypes, which were compared to a collection of haplotypes of genealogically-anchored modern volunteers. Maternal and paternal genealogies were searched in the BALSAC genealogical record for parental couples matching the mitochondrial and the Y-chromosome haplotypic signatures, to identify candidate sons from whom the remains could have originated. RESULTS Analysis of the matching genealogies identified the parents of one man inhumed in the cemetery of the investigated parish during its operating time. The candidate individual died in 1833 at the age of 58, a plausible age at death in light of osteological analysis of the remains. DISCUSSION This study demonstrates the promising potential of coupling genetic information from living individuals to genealogical data in BALSAC to identify historical human remains. If genetic coverage is increased, the genealogical information in BALSAC could enable the identification of 87% of the men (n = 178,435) married in Québec before 1850, with high discriminatory power in most cases since >75% of the parental couples have unique biparental signatures in most regions. Genotyping and identifying Québec's historical human remains are a key to reconstructing the genomes of the founders of Québec and reinhuming archeological remains with a marked grave.

中文翻译：

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通过具有广泛家谱记录的建立者群体中的母体和父体遗传特征来识别历史人类遗骸。

目的我们描述一种通过结合亲代血统的遗传标记和魁北克BALSAC数据库中所包含的魁北克全族谱来鉴定魁北克历史公墓中未标记的坟墓中挖掘出的人类遗骸的方法。材料和方法从加拿大魁北克省的四个历史公墓中挖掘出六名男子的遗体。从残骸中提取DNA并进行基因分型以揭示其线粒体和Y染色体单倍型，并将其与谱系锚定的现代志愿者的单倍型进行比较。在BALSAC族谱记录中搜索了母系和父系谱系，寻找与线粒体和Y染色体单倍体特征相符的父母对，以鉴定出可能是这些遗骸的候选儿子。结果对匹配的家谱进行分析，确定了一名在手术期间在被调查教区的公墓中受伤的人的父母。候选人个人于1833年去世，享年58岁，根据对遗体的骨科分析，这似乎是合理的死亡年龄。讨论本研究证明了将活着的个体的遗传信息与BALSAC中的家谱数据相结合以识别历史遗骸的潜力。如果增加遗传覆盖率，则BALSAC的族谱信息可以识别1850年之前在魁北克已婚的87％的男性（n = 178,435），在大多数情况下具有较高的歧视力，因为> 75％的父母对夫妇具有独特的双亲大多数地区都有签名。基因分型和鉴定魁北克省