BACKGROUND Renal hypoxia is considered a final pathway in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Blood-oxygen-level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI) has shown merit for evaluating renal oxygenation in adults. OBJECTIVE To investigate renal cortical and medullary R2* values by CKD stage and by renal function index in children with chronic kidney disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one children with CKD Stage 1-3, 16 children with CKD Stage 4-5, and 6 healthy volunteers underwent a renal MRI using multigradient recalled-echo sequence with 16 echoes. We measured the R2* values of the renal cortex and medulla on BOLD-MRI. RESULTS The cortical R2* value was ranked as CKD Stage 4-5 > CKD Stage 1-3 > healthy controls, and the medullary R2* value was ranked as CKD Stage 4-5 > CKD Stage 1-3. There was no significant difference in the medullary R2* value between CKD Stage 1-3 patients and the healthy controls. There was a positive correlation between the R2* values in the renal cortex (r=0.73) and medulla (r=0.89), and the serum creatinine level (P<0.001), and the renal cortical and medullary R2* values were negatively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (r=-0.71 and r=-0.89, respectively; P<0.001). CONCLUSION BOLD-MRI might contribute to noninvasive assessment of renal oxygenation in children with CKD in vivo but it did not reflect renal function in our sample.

中文翻译：

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使用血氧水平依赖性磁共振成像对慢性肾脏病患儿的肾脏氧合进行非侵入性评估。

背景技术肾脏缺氧被认为是慢性肾脏疾病（CKD）进展的最终途径。血氧水平依赖性磁共振成像（BOLD-MRI）已显示出评估成人肾脏氧合作用的优点。目的通过CKD分期和肾功能指标调查慢性肾脏病患儿的肾皮质和髓质R2 *值。材料与方法21例CKD 1-3期儿童，16例CKD 4-5期儿童和6名健康志愿者使用多梯度回声序列和16个回声进行了肾脏MRI检查。我们在BOLD-MRI上测量了肾皮质和髓质的R2 *值。结果皮质R2 *值排名为CKD 4-5期> CKD 1-3期>健康对照，而髓质R2 *值排名为CKD 4-5期> CKD 1-3期。CKD 1-3期患者与健康对照组之间的髓质R2 *值无显着差异。肾皮质（r = 0.73）和髓质（r = 0.89）与血清肌酐水平（P <0.001）之间的R2 *值呈正相关，肾皮质和髓质的R2 *值呈负相关。估计的肾小球滤过率（分别为r = -0.71和r = -0.89； P <0.001）。结论BOLD-MRI可能有助于CKD患儿体内肾脏无氧评估，但不能反映我们样本中的肾脏功能。肾皮质和髓质的R2 *值与肾小球滤过率的估计值呈负相关（分别为r = -0.71和r = -0.89； P <0.001）。结论BOLD-MRI可能有助于CKD患儿体内肾脏无氧评估，但不能反映我们样本中的肾脏功能。肾皮质和髓质的R2 *值与肾小球滤过率的估计值呈负相关（分别为r = -0.71和r = -0.89； P <0.001）。结论BOLD-MRI可能有助于CKD患儿体内肾脏无氧评估，但不能反映我们样本中的肾脏功能。