BACKGROUND Vehicle-induced air pollution may increase the prevalence and severity of asthma. Pollens are important sources of outdoor allergens associated with asthma. Outdoor pollution may influence the structure of pollen grains, resulting in enhanced immune reactions. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the impact that artemisia pollen extracts exposed to diesel emissions (APEDE) may induce - allergic airway inflammation, pulmonary pathology and immune imbalance - in mice. METHODS Sixty male Balb/c mice were equally randomized into 5 groups, sensitized with 30 μL artemisia pollen extracts (APE) or APEDE adsorbed on 2 mg aluminum hydroxide gel by intraperitoneal injection on day 0, 7, 14, and 22, and challenged intranasally once per day with 30 μL APE or APEDE from day 29 to 36. The controlling group used phosphate-buffered saline as control. RESULTS In mice immunized and challenged by APEDE, the clinical phenotype of eosinophils, neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), tracheal wall thickness, airway smooth muscle thickness and airway resistance increased significantly. Pathophysiological parameters such as interleukin (IL)-17A and tumour necrosis factor-α production in BALF and serum, and the ratio of Th17/Treg cells in CD4+ cells increased significantly, while IL-10 in BALF and serum and the ratio of Treg cells decreased significantly. It was further found that the expression of oxidative stress marker 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were significantly increased. The correlation analysis showed that the expression of 3-NT was positively correlated with the activation of NF-κB. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that pollens exposed to diesel exhaust enhance allergic responses, which may contribute to an increased prevalence of allergic diseases in urban environments with serious exhaust emissions.

中文翻译：

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暴露于柴油机排气的蒿花粉提取物可增强哮喘小鼠模型的气道炎症和免疫失衡。

背景技术车辆引起的空气污染可能会增加哮喘的患病率和严重程度。花粉是与哮喘有关的室外过敏原的重要来源。室外污染可能会影响花粉粒的结构，从而导致免疫反应增强。目的本研究旨在研究暴露于柴油机排放物（APEDE）的蒿花粉提取物可能对小鼠造成的影响-过敏性气道炎症，肺部病理和免疫失衡。方法将60只雄性Balb / c小鼠平均分为5组，分别在第0、7、14和22天通过腹膜内注射30μL蒿蒿花粉提取物（APE）或吸附在2 mg氢氧化铝凝胶上的APEDE致敏。从第29天到第36天，每天使用30μLAPE或APEDE一次。对照组使用磷酸盐缓冲盐水作为对照。结果在用APEDE免疫和攻击的小鼠中，嗜酸性粒细胞，支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中的中性粒细胞，气管壁厚度，气道平滑肌厚度和气道阻力的临床表型显着增加。病理生理参数如白细胞介素（IL）-17A和肿瘤坏死因子-α在BALF和血清中的产生以及CD4 +细胞中Th17 / Treg细胞的比率显着增加，而BALF和血清中IL-10和Treg细胞的比率显着增加明显减少。进一步发现，氧化应激标记物3-硝基酪氨酸（3-NT）的表达和核因子κB（NF-κB）的活化显着增加。相关分析表明3-NT的表达与NF-κB的激活呈正相关。结论我们的研究结果表明，暴露于柴油机废气中的花粉可增强过敏反应，这可能会导致严重废气排放的城市环境中过敏性疾病的患病率增加。