Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) act as post-transcriptional regulators controlling bacterial adaptation to environmental changes. Our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying sRNA-mediated control is mainly based on studies in Escherichia coli and Salmonella. Ever since the discovery of sRNAs decades ago, these Gram-negative species have served as excellent model organisms in the field of sRNA biology. More recently, the role of sRNAs in gene regulation has become the center of attention in a broader range of species, including Gram-positive model organisms. Here, we highlight some of the most apparent similarities and differences between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria with respect to the mechanisms underlying sRNA-mediated control. Although key aspects of sRNA regulation appear to be highly conserved, novel themes are arising from studies in Gram-positive species, such as a clear abundance of sRNAs acting through multiple C-rich motifs, and an apparent lack of RNA-binding proteins with chaperone activity.

中文翻译：

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细菌中sRNA介导的控制：越来越多的调节机制。

小型调节RNA（sRNA）充当转录后调节因子，控制细菌对环境变化的适应性。我们目前对sRNA介导的控制机制的了解主要基于大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的研究。自数十年前发现sRNA以来，这些革兰氏阴性物种已成为sRNA生物学领域的优秀模式生物。最近，sRNA在基因调控中的作用已成为包括革兰氏阳性模型生物在内的更广泛物种的关注中心。在这里，我们重点介绍革兰氏阴性细菌和革兰氏阳性细菌之间最明显的相似点和不同点，这些点与sRNA介导的控制机制有关。尽管sRNA调控的关键方面似乎是高度保守的，