Messenger RNA processing and decay is a key mechanism to control gene expression at the post-transcriptional level in response to ever-changing environmental conditions. In this review chapter, we discuss the main ribonucleases involved in these processes in bacteria, with a particular but non-exclusive emphasis on the two best-studied paradigms of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, E. coli and B. subtilis, respectively. We provide examples of how the activity and specificity of these enzymes can be modulated at the protein level, by co-factor binding and by post-translational modifications, and how they can be influenced by specific properties of their mRNA substrates, such as 5' protective 'caps', nucleotide modifications, secondary structures and translation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: RNA and gene control in bacteria edited by Dr. M. Guillier and F. Repoila.

中文翻译：

---

调节细菌中RNA加工和降解。

信使RNA的加工和衰变是响应不断变化的环境条件而在转录后水平控制基因表达的关键机制。在本综述章节中，我们讨论了细菌中与这些过程有关的主要核糖核酸酶，特别但非排他性地强调了对革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌这两种研究最好的范例，即大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌，分别。我们提供了一些示例，说明如何通过辅因子结合和翻译后修饰在蛋白质水平上调节这些酶的活性和特异性，以及如何受其mRNA底物（例如5'）的特定特性影响保护性“帽”，核苷酸修饰，二级结构和翻译。本文是标题为：