Background: Earlier age at menarche (AAM), a marker of puberty timing in females, has been associated with a higher likelihood of adolescent risk-taking behaviours and variably associated with educational attainment.Aim: To examine the association between AAM and educational attainment in the Pelotas, Brazil, 1982 Birth Cohort.Subjects and methods: AAM was categorised as Early (7-11 years), Average (12-13 years), or Late (14+ years). Primary outcome: years of education (age 30). Secondary outcomes: risk-taking behaviours, adult income and school grade failure.Results: In adjusted models, compared to Average AAM, Late AAM was associated with 0.64 fewer years of education (95% CI: -1.15, -0.13). Early AAM was associated with earlier age at first sexual intercourse (-0.25 years; 95% CI: -0.39, -0.12), whereas Late AAM was associated with 17% lower adult income (0.83; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.95) and 0.31 years older age at first alcohol consumption (95% CI: 0.10, 0.52).Conclusions: Our findings confirm the association between earlier puberty timing in females and a greater likelihood of risk-taking behaviours in this setting of recent secular changes towards earlier puberty. However, the association between Late AAM and lower education was surprising and may support a psychosocial rather than biological link between puberty timing and educational outcomes.

中文翻译：

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初潮年龄与随后的受教育程度和冒险行为有关：Pelotas 1982出生队列。

背景：初潮初潮（AAM）是女性青春期时机的标志，它与青少年冒险行为的可能性较高相关，并且与受教育程度有相关性。目的：研究AAM与女性受教育程度之间的关系研究对象和方法：AAM分为早期（7-11岁），平均（12-13岁）或晚期（14+岁）。主要结果：受教育年限（30岁）。次要结果：冒险行为，成人收入和学校成绩下降。结果：在调整后的模型中，与平均AAM相比，晚期AAM的受教育年限减少0.64（95％CI：-1.15，-0.13）。早期AAM与第一次性交时年龄较早相关（-0.25岁； 95％CI：-0.39，-0.12），而晚期AAM与首次饮酒后成人收入降低17％（0.83; 95％CI：0.71，0.95）和0.31岁年龄段的成年人（95％CI：0.10，0.52）相关。女性的青春期时机，以及在这种向近期青春期发展的长期变化中，冒险行为的可能性更大。但是，晚期AAM与较低教育之间的关联令人惊讶，并且可能支持青春期时机与教育成果之间的社会心理联系而非生物学联系。我们的研究结果证实，在这种近期发生的向青春期的长期变化中，女性的青春期提前时间与冒险行为的可能性更大相关。但是，晚期AAM与较低教育之间的关联令人惊讶，并且可能支持青春期时机与教育成果之间的社会心理联系而非生物学联系。我们的研究结果证实，在这种近期发生的朝向青春期的长期变化中，女性的青春期提前时间与冒险行为的可能性更大相关。但是，晚期AAM与较低教育之间的关联令人惊讶，并且可能支持青春期时机与教育成果之间的社会心理联系而非生物学联系。