BACKGROUND Pesticides are extensively used worldwide to control plant pathogens and prevent agricultural product damage. However, they can pollute the environment and endanger human health. So far, a variety of sample preparation methods have been developed for pesticide residues analysis. RESULTS A hyphenated solid-liquid microextraction method based on a new magnetic graphene oxide functionalized by (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS@MGO) adsorbent and a deep eutectic solvent (choline chloride/4-chlorophenol (1:2)) was developed for extraction/preconcentration of trace levels of pesticides. The sorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer techniques. In-syringe magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction in tandem with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography was applied for the analysis of the selected pesticides. The main parameters governing sample preparation efficiency, including adsorbent dosage, desorption conditions, pH, extraction time, deep eutectic solvent volume, and salt concentration, were investigated. The linear ranges were 0.024-500 μg L-1 with 0.9971-0.9999 linearity factor (R2 ). The limits of detection and quantification were 0.006-0.038 and 0.024-0.126 μg L-1 , respectively. The relative standard deviations were 0.5-4.2% for intra-day analysis and 2.7-4.6% for inter-day analysis. Enrichment factors were in the range of 210-540. CONCLUSION The method was successfully applied for the determination of malathion, heptachlor epoxide, endrin, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, azinphos ethyl, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin in fruit juice samples (apple, pineapple, cherry, peach, red, and green grapes juices) and the recoveries were within the 71-115% range. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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基于疏水性低共熔溶剂的联用分散固液相微萃取技术：在果汁中农药的痕量分析中的应用

背景农药在世界范围内广泛用于控制植物病原体和防止农产品损害。然而，它们会污染环境并危害人类健康。迄今为止，已开发出多种用于农药残留分析的样品前处理方法。结果 基于（3-缩水甘油氧基丙基）三甲氧基硅烷（GPTMS@MGO）吸附剂和低共熔溶剂（氯化胆碱/4-氯苯酚（1:2））功能化的新型磁性氧化石墨烯，开发了一种联用固液微萃取方法，用于提取/预浓缩痕量农药。通过扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和振动样品磁强计技术对吸附剂进行了表征。注射器内磁分散固相萃取与分散液-液微萃取相结合，然后气相色谱用于分析选定的农药。研究了控制样品制备效率的主要参数，包括吸附剂用量、解吸条件、pH、提取时间、低共熔溶剂体积和盐浓度。线性范围为 0.024-500 μg L-1，线性因子 (R2) 为 0.9971-0.9999。检测限和定量限分别为 0.006-0.038 和 0.024-0.126 μg L-1。日内分析的相对标准偏差为 0.5-4.2%，日间分析的相对标准偏差为 2.7-4.6%。富集因子在 210-540 的范围内。结论该方法可成功用于测定马拉硫磷、环氧化七氯、异狄氏剂、果汁样品（苹果、菠萝、樱桃、桃子、红葡萄和绿葡萄汁）中的二氯二苯基三氯乙烷、乙基谷硫磷、氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯，回收率在 71-115% 范围内。本文受版权保护。版权所有。