Previous studies indicated a positive effect of vitamin K2 (VK2) supplementation on bone turnover biomarkers and bone mineral density (BMD), but the doses varied, and few studies have focused on the difference between VK2 supplementation alone and in combination with calcium and vitamin D3. The aim of this study was to explore a low and effective dose of VK2 for improving BMD, and to examine whether the co-supplementation of VK2, calcium and vitamin D3 would bring greater effects. In this trial, a total of 311 community-dwelling men and postmenopausal women aged 50 and 75 years were randomly assigned to four groups, receiving placebo, 50 µg/day, 90 µg/day or co-supplementation with calcium (500 mg/day) and vitamin D3 (10 µg/day) for 1 year. At the endpoint, the bone loss of femoral neck was significantly lower in postmenopausal women in the two 90 µg groups (treatment × time, p = 0.006) compared with placebo, but no effects in men. Serum biomarkers cOC/ucOC ratio increased in the intervention groups (treatment × time, p < 0.001). VK2 supplementation in dose of 90 µg/day performed a significant effect on reducing bone loss in postmenopausal women, but in combination with calcium and vitamin D3 brought no additional effects.Trial registration This trial was registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn as chiCTR1800019240.

中文翻译：

---

低剂量补充维生素K2对中老年人骨矿物质密度的影响：一项随机对照研究。

先前的研究表明补充维生素K2（VK2）对骨转换生物标志物和骨矿物质密度（BMD）有积极作用，但是剂量有所不同，很少有研究集中于单独补充VK2以及与钙和维生素D3联合使用时的差异。这项研究的目的是探索低剂量和有效剂量的VK2来改善BMD，并检查VK2，钙和维生素D3的共同补充是否会带来更大的效果。在该试验中，将总共311名年龄在50和75岁的社区居住的男性和绝经后的女性随机分为四组，分别接受安慰剂，50 µg /天，90 µg /天或与钙（500 mg /天）共同补充）和维生素D3（每天10 µg），为期一年。在端点处 与安慰剂相比，在两个90 µg组中，绝经后妇女的股骨颈骨丢失明显减少（治疗×时间，p = 0.006），但对男性没有影响。干预组的血清生物标志物cOC / ucOC比值增加（治疗×时间，p <0.001）。每天服用90 µg VK2对减少绝经后妇女的骨质流失具有显著作用，但与钙和维生素D3的组合则没有其他作用。试验注册该试验已在http://www.chictr.org注册。 .cn为chiCTR1800019240。