Solid-state fermentation is a technique employing microorganisms grown on a solid substrate in the absence of free water. The substrates used in this process are mostly waste from the agro-industry (brans, spent malt grains, distiller grains, etc.) that improves not only the economy of the process but also has positive effect on waste management problems. Zygomycetous fungi are not only able to grow in such conditions but also enrich fermented materials with various types of bioactive compounds. Mucor sp. strains have been identified as producers of gamma-linolenic acid and beta-carotene in submerged fermentation. The aim of the present study was to identify the best microbial producer of gamma-linolenic acid and beta-carotene among four different Mucor strains and to study the requirements for the dual production of these metabolites. Mucor wosnessenskii was identified as the most suitable producer of both metabolites. After optimization of the fermentation conditions, the highest yields obtained were 10.7 g of gamma-linolenic acid/kg of fermented product and 261.5 mg of beta-carotene/kg of fermented product. This yield of beta-carotene is the highest among the results published so far.

中文翻译：

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通过使用农业工业废料的固态发酵过程，与Mucor wosnessenskii一起生产多不饱和脂肪酸和β-胡萝卜素。

固态发酵是一种在没有游离水的情况下利用在固体基质上生长的微生物的技术。此过程中使用的基材主要是来自农业工业的废料（麸皮，废麦芽谷物，蒸馏谷物等），不仅改善了过程的经济性，而且对废物管理问题产生了积极影响。酵母菌类真菌不仅能够在这种条件下生长，而且还能在发酵材料中添加各种类型的生物活性化合物。Mucor sp。已确定该菌株是深层发酵中γ-亚麻酸和β-胡萝卜素的生产者。本研究的目的是在四种不同的Mucor菌株中确定最佳的γ-亚麻酸和β-胡萝卜素微生物生产者，并研究这些代谢物的双重生产要求。Mucor wosnessenskii被确定为两种代谢物的最合适生产者。在优化发酵条件后，获得的最高产量为10.7 gγ-亚麻酸/ kg发酵产物和261.5 mgβ-胡萝卜素/ kg发酵产物。在迄今为止公布的结果中，β-胡萝卜素的产率最高。