In the context of the global challenge of climate change, mitigation strategies are needed to adapt crops to novel environments. The main goal to address this is an understanding of the genetic basis of crop adaptation to different agro-ecological conditions. The movement of crops during the Colombian Exchange that started with the travels of Columbus in 1492 is an example of rapid adaptation to novel environments. Many diversification-related traits have been characterised in multiple crop species, and association-mapping analyses have identified loci involved in these. Here, we present an overview of current knowledge regarding the molecular basis related to the complex patterns of crop adaptation and dissemination, particularly outside their centres of origin. Investigation of the genomic basis of crop expansion offers a powerful contribution to the development of tools to identify and exploit valuable genetic diversity and to improve and design novel resilient crop varieties.

中文翻译：

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在作物多样化过程中适应新环境。

在全球气候变化挑战的背景下，需要采取缓解策略使作物适应新环境。解决此问题的主要目标是了解作物适应不同农业生态条件的遗传基础。从1492年哥伦布（Columbus）旅行开始的哥伦比亚交换期间的农作物运输便是迅速适应新环境的一个例子。在多种作物物种中，许多与多样化相关的特征已得到表征，并且关联映射分析已确定了与这些特征有关的基因座。在这里，我们概述了有关与作物适应和传播的复杂模式有关的分子基础的最新知识，特别是在其起源中心之外。