ABSTRACT We isolated and characterized 65 anaerobic gut fungal (AGF; Neocallimastigomycota) strains from fecal samples of five wild (W, axis deer, white-tailed deer, Boer goat, mouflon, and Nilgiri tahr), one zoo-housed (Z, zebra), and three domesticated (D, horse, sheep, and goat) herbivores in the US states of Texas (TX) and Oklahoma (OK), Wales (WA), and the Indian states of Kerala (KE) and Haryana (HA). Phylogenetic assessment using the D1–D2 regions of the large subunit (28S) rDNA and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) identified seven monophyletic clades that are distinct from all currently recognized AGF genera. All strains displayed monocentric thalli and produced exclusively or predominantly monoflagellate zoospores, with the exception of axis deer strains, which produced polyflagellate zoospores. Analysis of amplicon-based AGF diversity surveys indicated that zebra and horse strains are representatives of uncultured AL1 group, whereas domesticated goat and sheep strains are representatives of uncultured AL5 group, previously encountered in fecal and rumen samples of multiple herbivores. The other five lineages, all of which were isolated from wild herbivores, have not been previously encountered in such surveys. Our results significantly expand the genus-level diversity within the Neocallimastigomycota and strongly suggest that wild herbivores represent a yet-untapped reservoir of AGF diversity. We propose seven novel genera and eight novel Neocallimastigomycota species to comprise these strains, for which we propose the names Agriosomyces longus (mouflon and wild Boer goat), Aklioshbomyces papillarum (white-tailed deer), Capellomyces foraminis (wild Boar goat), and C. elongatus (domesticated goat), Ghazallomyces constrictus (axis deer), Joblinomyces apicalis (domesticated goat and sheep), Khoyollomyces ramosus (zebra-horse), and Tahromyces munnarensis (Nilgiri tahr).

中文翻译：

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来自野生、动物园和驯化食草动物的七个新新鞭毛菌属极大地扩展了该门的分类多样性

摘要 我们从五种野生（W、轴鹿、白尾鹿、波尔山羊、欧洲盘羊和 Nilgiri tahr）的粪便样本中分离并表征了 65 株厌氧肠道真菌（AGF； )，以及美国德克萨斯州 (TX) 和俄克拉荷马州 (OK)、威尔士 (WA) 以及印度喀拉拉邦 (KE) 和哈里亚纳邦 (HA) 的三种驯化（D、马、绵羊和山羊）食草动物. 使用大亚基 (28S) rDNA 的 D1-D2 区域和内部转录间隔区 1 (ITS1) 进行的系统发育评估确定了七个单系进化枝，它们与所有目前公认的 AGF 属不同。所有菌株都显示单中心菌体，并且只产生或主要产生单鞭毛虫游动孢子，但轴鹿菌株除外，它们产生多鞭毛虫游动孢子。基于扩增子的 AGF 多样性调查分析表明，斑马和马品系代表未培养的 AL1 组，而驯化的山羊和绵羊品系代表未培养的 AL5 组，以前在多种食草动物的粪便和瘤胃样本中遇到过。其他五个谱系都是从野生食草动物中分离出来的，以前在此类调查中没有遇到过。我们的研究结果显着扩展了 Neocallimastigomycota 内的属级多样性，并强烈表明野生食草动物代表了尚未开发的 AGF 多样性库。我们提出了 7 个新属和 8 个新的新callimastigomycota 种来组成这些菌株，为此我们提出了名称 Agriosomyces longus（欧洲欧洲盘羊和野波尔山羊）、Aklioshbomyces papillarum（白尾鹿）、