The present study aims to appraise the spatial distribution of potential toxic metals by using geostatistical technique and find their associated ecological and human health risks from surface soils of Durgapur industrial area, India. The results show that the mean metal concentrations are 116.03, 32.96, 154.37, 321.20, 50.08, 29.54 and 2.97 mg/kg for Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Cu, Ni and Hg, respectively, and majority of them is found higher than their background and world natural soil concentrations. The GIS contour map of pollution load index values clearly distinguished the studied sampling area is highly to very highly polluted by the toxic metals. Contamination factor (Cf) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) values of studied metals show a similar sequence of Hg > Cd > Pb > Fe > Cr > Ni > Cu. Calculated enrichment factor (EF) value for Hg (13.29), Cd (5.26) and Pb (1.11) in studied soils was found significantly higher, which suggests that their primary sources are higher industrial activities in the studied area. Computation of potential ecological risk index reveals that the entire study area is under high risk level (1941.60-3367.23), in which Cd (588.52) and Hg (1979.26) possess the maximum ecological risk factor in all the sampling sites. The results of correlation analysis, principle component analysis and cluster analysis explore that industrial discharges, atmospheric disposition and waste disposal are the major sources of soil metal pollution in the studied region. Human health hazard indices are lower than 1 for all metals, indicating low non-carcinogenic risks to children and adults. Carcinogenic risk assessment reveals the existence of cancer risk of Cd (5.5E-03), Cr (8.6E-04) and Ni (3.0E-04) to child and Cd (8.2E-04) and Cr (1.3E-04) to adults in Durgapur.

中文翻译：

---

印度工业区表层土壤中潜在有毒金属（PTM）的来源评估，生态和健康风险评估。

本研究旨在通过地统计学方法评估潜在有毒金属的空间分布，并从印度杜尔加布尔工业区的表层土壤中发现其相关的生态和人类健康风险。结果表明，Pb，Cd，Cr，Fe，Cu，Ni和Hg的平均金属浓度分别为116.03、32.96、154.37、321.20、50.08、29.54和2.97 mg / kg，并且大多数都高于它们的背景和世界自然土壤浓度。污染负荷指数值的GIS等高线图清楚地区分了所研究的采样区域是否被有毒金属污染。被研究金属的污染因子（Cf）和地质累积指数（Igeo）值显示相似的Hg> Cd> Pb> Fe> Cr> Ni> Cu序列。研究土壤中汞（13.29），镉（5.26）和铅（1.11）的计算富集因子（EF）值明显更高，这表明它们的主要来源是研究区较高的工业活动。潜在生态风险指数的计算表明，整个研究区域处于高风险水平（1941.60-3367.23），其中镉（588.52）和汞（1979.26）在所有采样地点均具有最大的生态风险因子。相关分析，主成分分析和聚类分析的结果表明，工业排放，大气处置和废物处置是研究区域土壤金属污染的主要来源。所有金属的人类健康危害指数均低于1，这表明儿童和成人的非致癌风险低。