AIM To evaluate the antibiofilm effect of proanthocyanidin (PA) solution as an irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and its influence on the mechanical properties and biodegradation resistance of demineralized root dentine. METHODOLOGY Enterococcus faecalis were introduced into human root dentine tubules by a serial centrifugation method and grown for 1 week. Dentine blocks infected with 1-week-old E. faecalis biofilms were treated with the following irrigants: sterile water (control), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 2% PA, 5% PA and 10% PA. After treatment, the live and dead bacteria proportions within E. faecalis biofilms were analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. To evaluate the biostability of fully demineralized dentine treated by the aforementioned irrigants, the elastic modulus and hydroxyproline release of human dentine incubated in collagenase solution were tested at baseline, after irrigant treatment and after biodegradation, respectively. Furthermore, the surface chemical bond of demineralized dentine collagen treated by various irrigants was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way anova and Tukey's post hoc multiple comparisons with the significance level at 5%. RESULTS The proportion of dead E. faecalis volume was significantly higher in the PA and CHX groups than that in the control group (P < 0.05). PA irrigation significantly increased the mechanical properties of demineralized dentine (P < 0.05), and the effect was enhanced with increasing PA concentration. CHX and PA groups had significantly less elasticity loss and hydroxyproline release (P < 0.05). The biomodification of dentine collagen by PA was verified by increased C-O/C-N peak percentage under C1s and C-O peak percentage under O1s narrow-scan XPS spectra. CONCLUSIONS Proanthocyanidin killed E. faecalis within biofilms and enhanced the biostability of the collagen matrix of demineralized root dentine. It might be used as an auxiliary endodontic irrigant with antibiofilm and collagen-stabilizing effects.

中文翻译：

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原花青素作为辅助牙髓冲洗液的抗生物膜和胶原蛋白稳定作用。

目的评价原花青素（PA）溶液对粪肠球菌（E. faecalis）的冲洗液的抗生物膜作用及其对脱矿牙本质牙本质的力学性能和抗生物降解性的影响。方法学粪肠球菌通过连续离心法引入人根牙本质小管中并生长1周。用以下冲洗液处理感染了1周龄的粪肠球菌生物膜的牙本质块：无菌水（对照），2％洗必泰（CHX），2％PA，5％PA和10％PA。处理后，使用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜分析粪肠球菌生物膜内的活细菌和死细菌比例。为了评估通过上述冲洗剂处理的完全脱矿质牙本质的生物稳定性，在胶原酶溶液中培养的人牙本质的弹性模量和羟脯氨酸释放分别在基线，冲洗液处理和生物降解后进行了测试。此外，通过X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对经过各种冲洗剂处理的脱钙牙本质胶原蛋白的表面化学键进行了表征。使用单向方差分析和Tukey事后多重比较进行统计分析，显着性水平为5％。结果PA和CHX组粪便中死肠大肠杆菌的比例显着高于对照组（P <0.05）。PA灌溉显着提高了脱矿牙本质的机械性能（P <0.05），并且随着PA浓度的增加，效果增强。CHX和PA组的弹性损失和羟脯氨酸释放量明显减少（P <0.05）。通过在C1s下增加CO / CN峰百分比和在O1s窄扫描XPS谱下增加CO峰百分比来验证PA对牙本质胶原的生物改性。结论原花青素杀死了生物膜内的粪肠球菌，并增强了脱矿质牙本质牙本质胶原基质的生物稳定性。它可用作具有抗生物膜和胶原蛋白稳定作用的辅助牙髓冲洗剂。粪便在生物膜内，增强了脱矿质牙本质牙本质的胶原基质的生物稳定性。它可用作具有抗生物膜和胶原蛋白稳定作用的辅助牙髓冲洗剂。粪便在生物膜内，增强了脱矿质牙本质牙本质的胶原基质的生物稳定性。它可用作具有抗生物膜和胶原蛋白稳定作用的辅助牙髓冲洗剂。