Nanocalorimeters, or microfabricated calorimeters, provide a promising way to characterize the thermal process of biological processes, such as biomolecule interactions and cellular metabolic activities. They enabled miniaturized heat measurement onto a chip device with potential benefits including low sample consumption, low cost, portability, and high throughput. Over the past few decades, researchers have tried to improve nanocalorimeters' performance, in terms of sensitivity, accuracy, and detection resolution, by exploring different sensing methods, thermal insulation techniques, and liquid handling methods. The enhanced devices resulted in new applications in recent years, and here we have summarized the performance parameters and applications based on categories. Finally, we have listed the current technical difficulties in nanocalorimeter research and hope for future solutions to overcome them.

中文翻译：

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纳米量热仪，用于生物分子分析和细胞代谢监测。

纳米量热仪或微型量热仪提供了一种有前途的方法来表征生物过程的热过程，例如生物分子相互作用和细胞代谢活性。他们实现了对芯片设备的微型热量测量，具有潜在优势，包括低样品消耗，低成本，便携性和高通量。在过去的几十年中，研究人员通过探索不同的传感方法，隔热技术和液体处理方法，试图在灵敏度，准确性和检测分辨率方面提高纳米量热仪的性能。增强型设备近年来导致了新的应用，这里我们根据类别总结了性能参数和应用。最后，