Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from cells that are a part of many biological and pathological processes, especially in intercellular communication. These vesicles are involved cell signaling, influence tissue and immune response, and serve as biomarkers for diseases. Most interesting are the exosomes that are released from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for inflammation in joint diseases. Preliminary studies have demonstrated the advantages of using EVs rather than MSCs for cell free therapy. Research on exosomes have shown promising results as biomarkers for tracking the pathogenesis and prognosis of inflammatory arthritis. Therapeutically, animal studies have demonstrated immunosuppression, reversing inflammation, increasing chondrocyte proliferation, and drug delivery properties. The field of exosomes continues to develop and more basic science and clinical studies with safety and efficacy studies are needed.

中文翻译：

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外泌体在膝关节炎中的抗炎作用。

外泌体是从细胞释放的细胞外囊泡 (EV)，是许多生物和病理过程的一部分，尤其是在细胞间通讯中。这些囊泡涉及细胞信号传导，影响组织和免疫反应，并作为疾病的生物标志物。最有趣的是从间充质干细胞 (MSCs) 释放的用于关节疾病炎症的外泌体。初步研究表明，使用 EVs 而不是 MSCs 进行无细胞治疗的优势。外泌体的研究已显示出作为追踪炎症性关节炎发病机制和预后的生物标志物的有希望的结果。在治疗上，动物研究已经证明了免疫抑制、逆转炎症、增加软骨细胞增殖和药物输送特性。