Household food insecurity (HFI) is a powerful stressor negatively associated with early childhood development (ECD). However, no comprehensive review has examined the association of HFI and ECD. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association between HFI and ECD domains and subdomains in children under 5 years old. Peer-reviewed and grey literature were systematically searched in electronic databases with no year or language restrictions. Studies were eligible if they assessed the association between HFI and one or more ECD domains. Data were extracted using a standard predefined protocol. Meta-analysis was performed, and the heterogeneity across studies was explored. Nineteen studies were included in the systematic review and 14 in the meta-analysis. Of the studies, 15 were from high income countries (HICs) and four from low-middle income countries (LMICs). For developmental risk and the cognitive/math and cognitive/school readiness and reading subdomains, the only studies available were conducted in HICs. The meta-analysis showed that HFI was associated with developmental risk (OR 1.28; 95% CI [1.14, 1.45]), cognitive/vocabulary (OR 0.94; 95% CI [0.90, 0.98]), and cognitive/math (OR 0.84; 95% CI [0.73, 0.96]). HFI was marginally associated with cognitive/school readiness and reading (OR 0.91; 95% CI [0.82, 1.00]) and motor development (OR; 0.91, 95% CI [0.80, 1.04]). HFI was associated with poor ECD in children under 5 years old. Specifically, HFI was associated with developmental risk and poor math skills in studies conducted in HICs and with poor vocabulary skills in studies conducted in both HICs and LMICs. Prospective studies examining HFI and ECD are needed in LMICs.

中文翻译：

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家庭粮食不安全和儿童早期发展：系统评价和荟萃分析。

家庭粮食不安全 (HFI) 是一种与儿童早期发育 (ECD) 负相关的强大压力源。然而，没有全面的审查检查 HFI 和 ECD 的关联。因此，本系统评价和荟萃分析调查了 5 岁以下儿童的 HFI 与 ECD 域和子域之间的关联。在没有年份或语言限制的电子数据库中系统地搜索了同行评审和灰色文献。如果研究评估了 HFI 与一个或多个 ECD 域之间的关联，则研究符合条件。使用标准的预定义协议提取数据。进行了荟萃分析，并探讨了研究间的异质性。系统评价中包括 19 项研究，荟萃分析中包括 14 项研究。在这些研究中，15 个来自高收入国家 (HIC)，4 个来自中低收入国家 (LMIC)。对于发展风险以及认知/数学和认知/入学准备和阅读子领域，唯一可用的研究是在高收入国家进行的。荟萃分析表明，HFI 与发育风险（OR 1.28；95% CI [1.14，1.45]）、认知/词汇（OR 0.94；95% CI [0.90，0.98]）和认知/数学（OR 0.84）相关；95% CI [0.73，0.96]）。HFI 与认知/入学准备和阅读（OR 0.91；95% CI [0.82，1.00]）和运动发育（OR；0.91，95% CI [0.80，1.04]）略有相关。HFI 与 5 岁以下儿童较差的 ECD 相关。具体来说，在 HIC 进行的研究中，HFI 与发育风险和较差的数学技能有关，在 HIC 和 LMIC 进行的研究中与较差的词汇技能有关。LMIC 需要对 HFI 和 ECD 进行前瞻性研究。