Mastitis is among the most common and challenging diseases of dairy animals. It is an inflammation of udder tissues due to physical damage, chemical irritation, or infection caused by certain pathogens. Bovine mastitis has been known for ages, but its complex etiology and multi-factorial nature make it difficult to control. Mastitis may have a negative impact on human health by inducing antibiotic-resistant pathogens that may spread, which is threatening. Researchers are continuously struggling to devise suitable methods for mastitis control. Management strategies are mainly focused on disease prevention by farm management which includes proper hygiene, trained staff to monitor minor changes in the udder or milk, and better diagnostic and treatment methods. New technologies which have the potential to unravel this complicated disease include improved diagnostic tools, based on advanced genomics or proteomics, prevention, based on vaccines and immune modulators, and metabolic products of probiotics such as bacteriocins and gene therapy.

中文翻译：

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牛乳腺炎的原因、类型、病原体、患病率、诊断、治疗、预防、对人类健康的影响和未来方面

乳腺炎是奶牛最常见和最具挑战性的疾病之一。它是由某些病原体引起的物理损伤、化学刺激或感染引起的乳房组织炎症。牛乳腺炎早已为人所知，但其复杂的病因和多因素性质使其难以控制。乳腺炎可能通过诱导可能传播的耐抗生素病原体对人类健康产生负面影响，这是具有威胁性的。研究人员一直在努力设计合适的乳腺炎控制方法。管理策略主要侧重于通过农场管理来预防疾病，包括适当的卫生、训练有素的工作人员来监测乳房或牛奶的微小变化，以及更好的诊断和治疗方法。