A major trade-off when acquiring CO₂ from the atmosphere during photosynthesis is the loss of water from plant leaves. Transporting as much water as quickly as possible with little carbon investment (often defined as hydraulic efficiency and usually measured as xylem-specific hydraulic conductivity) can lead to higher potential transpiration and photosynthesis per unit xylem cross-section area. However, critical dysfunctions such as embolisms and cavitation by water stress can form inside the xylem and constrain the efficiency of water transport (Tyree and Sperry 1989, Vilagrosa et al. 2003). Plant xylem tissues therefore require a certain degree of safety (usually measured as the xylem water potential at which a meaningful percentage of maximum efficiency is lost; Gleason et al. 2016).

中文翻译：

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液压安全效率权衡的控制。

在光合作用期间从大气中获取CO ₂时，主要的权衡取舍是植物叶片水分的流失。以很少的碳投入（通常定义为水力效率，通常以木质部特定的水力传导率来衡量），尽可能快地输送更多的水，可以导致单位木质部横截面面积上更高的潜在蒸腾作用和光合作用。但是，在木质部内部会形成严重的功能障碍，如栓塞和水分胁迫引起的空化，从而限制了水的运输效率（Tyree和Sperry 1989，Vilagrosa等人2003）。因此，植物木质部组织需要一定程度的安全性（通常以木质部的水势来衡量，在该处木质部的水势损失了最大百分比的有意义的百分比； Gleason等人，2016年）。