Failed invasions can be a key component for understanding and controlling introduced populations because understanding mechanisms behind failures can improve effective controls. In 2000, the non-native sea anemone Sagartia elegans was first found in Salem, Massachusetts, and it recolonized each summer. No individuals of S. elegans have been found after 2010, despite intensive search efforts. A mismatch between the species’ thermal tolerance and winter water temperature is the most likely mechanism for this failed invasion. In both laboratory- and field-based temperature growth studies, S. elegans began regressing at 11 °C, stopped asexually reproducing at 9 °C, and died by 4 °C. These temperatures are above the average winter sea surface temperature in the Gulf of Maine, therefore suggesting that S. elegans requires a warm-water refuge. Another potential contributor to the disappearance of S. elegans is low genetic diversity as a result of establishment of only females (likely clones) and no males.

中文翻译：

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突如其来：马萨诸塞州塞勒姆港引进的海葵 Sagartia elegans（Dalyell，1848 年）的失败

失败的入侵可能是了解和控制引入种群的关键组成部分，因为了解失败背后的机制可以提高有效控制。2000 年，首次在马萨诸塞州塞勒姆发现了非本地海葵 Sagartia elegans，并在每年夏天重新定殖。尽管进行了大量的搜索工作，但在 2010 年之后没有发现任何线虫个体。该物种的耐热性与冬季水温之间的不匹配是这次入侵失败的最可能机制。在实验室和田间温度生长研究中，秀丽隐杆线虫在 11 °C 时开始退化，在 9 °C 时停止无性繁殖，并在 4 °C 时死亡。这些温度高于缅因湾冬季平均海面温度，因此表明秀丽隐杆线虫需要温水避难所。