Traditional cancer treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy that are clinically beneficial, but are associated with drawbacks such as drug resistance and side effects. In quest for better treatment, many new molecular targets have been introduced in the last few decades. Finding new molecular mechanisms encourages researchers to discover new anticancer agents. Exploring the mechanism of action also facilitates anticipation of potential resistance mechanisms and optimization of rational combination therapies. The write up describes the leading molecular mechanisms for cancer therapy, including mTOR, tyrosine Wee1 kinase (WEE1), Janus kinases, PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway, serine/threonine protein kinase AKT, checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), maternal embryonic leucine-zipper kinase (MELK), DNA methyltransferase I (DNMT1), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1/-2, sphingosine kinase-2 (SK2), pan-FGFR, inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP), murine double minute 2 (MDM2), Bcl-2 family protein and reactive oxygen species 1 (ROS1). Additionally, the manuscript reviews the anticancer drugs currently under clinical trials.

传统的癌症治疗包括手术，化学疗法，放射疗法和免疫疗法，它们在临床上是有益的，但与诸如耐药性和副作用等缺点相关。为了寻求更好的治疗，最近几十年来引入了许多新的分子靶标。寻找新的分子机制鼓励研究人员发现新的抗癌药。探索作用机制还有助于预期潜在的抗药性机制，并优化合理的联合疗法。文章描述了癌症治疗的主要分子机制，包括mTOR，酪氨酸Wee1激酶（WEE1），Janus激酶，PI3K / mTOR信号通路，丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶AKT，检查点激酶1（Chk1），孕妇胚胎亮氨酸拉链激酶（MELK），DNA甲基转移酶I（DNMT1），聚（ADP-核糖）聚合酶（PARP）-1 / -2，鞘氨醇激酶2（SK2），pan-FGFR，凋亡抑制剂（IAP），小鼠双分钟2（MDM2），Bcl-2家族蛋白和反应性氧种1（ROS1）。此外，手稿还回顾了目前正在临床试验中的抗癌药物。