Background and Objectives: This study assessed the nutritional status among householders in urban South Tarawa and rural Butaritari in Kiribati. Methods and Study Design: In this cross-sectional study, we assessed energy and nutrient intakes, food variety scores, and dietary diversity scores of men and women from 468 households randomly selected in South Tarawa (n = 161) and Butaritari (n = 307) using a 24-hour dietary recall. Nutrient adequacy ratios and mean adequacy ratios of selected nutrients were also determined from 3-day weighed food records collected among participants living in a further 28 households from South Tarawa (n = 29) and Butaritari (n = 44). Results: Based on the 24-hour dietary recall, the average energy intake for men and women was 2536 kcals and 2068 kcals, respectively. Carbohydrate (CHO), fat, and protein intakes for men and women were 332.5 g, 76.5 g, and 130.4 g and 291.7 g, 55.1 g, and 103.5 g, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of household Food Variety Score and Dietary Diversity Score was 3.90 ± 1.25 and 5.44 ± 1.92, respectively. Intakes of vitamin A, calcium, and iron, and zinc were notably deficient in both locations, with the urban participants having lower intakes of vitamin B-1, vitamin B-2, magnesium, and potassium than their rural counterparts. Mean sodium intakes exceeded recommendations for all age groups in South Tarawa except children aged 4 to 6 years. Conclusions: Food consumption patterns of the households in South Tarawa and Butaritari reflected high consumption of nontraditional diets and refined foods, which manifested in inadequate micronutrient intake estimates and low dietary diversity: strong risk factors for noncommunicable diseases such as obesity and diabetes.

中文翻译：

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基里巴斯家庭的营养安全吗？南塔拉瓦和布塔里塔里的案例研究

背景和目的：本研究评估了基里巴斯南塔拉瓦城市和布塔里塔里农村家庭的营养状况。方法和研究设计：在这项横断面研究中，我们评估了来自南塔拉瓦 (n = 161) 和布塔里塔里 (n = 307) 的 468 个家庭的男性和女性的能量和营养摄入量、食物多样性评分和饮食多样性评分。 ) 使用 24 小时饮食召回。选定营养素的营养充足率和平均充足率也从 3 天称重的食物记录中确定，这些记录是从住在南塔拉瓦 (n = 29) 和布塔里塔里 (n = 44) 的另外 28 个家庭的参与者中收集的。结果：根据24小时饮食回忆，男性和女性的平均能量摄入分别为2536大卡和2068大卡。碳水化合物 (CHO)、脂肪、男性和女性的蛋白质摄入量分别为 332.5 克、76.5 克和 130.4 克以及 291.7 克、55.1 克和 103.5 克。家庭食物品种评分和膳食多样性评分的平均值和标准差分别为 3.90 ± 1.25 和 5.44 ± 1.92。两个地方的维生素 A、钙、铁和锌的摄入量都明显不足，城市参与者的维生素 B-1、维生素 B-2、镁和钾的摄入量低于农村参与者。除 4 至 6 岁儿童外，南塔拉瓦所有年龄组的平均钠摄入量均超过建议值。结论：南塔拉瓦和布塔里塔里家庭的食品消费模式反映了非传统饮食和精制食品的高消费，表现为微量营养素摄入估计不足和饮食多样性低：