Remote sensing data are abundant, whereas surface in situ verification of atmospheric conditions is rare on Mars. Earth-based analogs could help gain an understanding of soil and atmospheric processes on Mars and refine existing models. In this work, we evaluate the applicability of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model against measurements from the Mars analog High Andes-Atacama Desert. Validation focuses on the surface conditions and on the surface energy budget. Measurements show that the average daily net radiation, global radiation, and latent heat flux amount to 131, 273, and about 10 W/m², respectively, indicating extremely dry atmospheric conditions. Dynamically, the effect of topography is also well simulated. One of the main modeling problems is the inaccurate initial soil and surface conditions in the area. Correction of soil moisture based on in situ and satellite soil moisture measurements, as well as the removal of snow coverage, reduced the surface skin temperature root mean square error from 9.8°C to 4.3°C. The model, however, has shortcomings when soil condition modeling is considered. Sensible heat flux estimations are on par with the measurements (daily maxima around 500 W/m²), but surface soil heat flux is greatly overestimated (by 150–500 W/m²). Soil temperature and soil moisture diurnal variations are inconsistent with the measurements, partially due to the lack of water vapor representation in soil calculations.

中文翻译：

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高安第斯-阿塔卡马地区的模拟站点实验：Ojos del Salado的表面能收支组成部分，来自现场测量和WRF模拟。

遥感数据非常丰富，而在火星上很少进行地表大气条件的现场验证。基于地球的类似物可以帮助您了解火星上的土壤和大气过程，并完善现有模型。在这项工作中，我们根据火星模拟的高安第斯山脉-阿塔卡马沙漠的测量数据，评估了天气研究和预报（WRF）模型的适用性。验证着重于表面条件和表面能预算。测量表明，平均每日净辐射，全局辐射和潜热通量分别为131、273和约10 W / m ²分别表示极端干燥的大气条件。在动态上，地形效果也得到了很好的模拟。主要的建模问题之一是该地区的初始土壤和地表条件不正确。根据原位和卫星土壤湿度测量值对土壤湿度进行校正，以及去除积雪，将表皮温度的均方根误差从9.8°C降低至4.3°C。但是，在考虑土壤条件建模时，该模型存在缺陷。合理的热通量估算值与测量值相当（每日最大值约为500 W / m ²），但是表层土壤热通量被大大高估了（150-500 W / m ^2））。土壤温度和土壤水分的日变化与测量值不一致，部分原因是土壤计算中缺乏水蒸气的表示。