Human sociality and prosociality rely on social and moral feelings of empathy, compassion, envy, schadenfreude, as well as on the preference for prosocial over antisocial others. We examined the neural underpinnings of the processing of lexical input designed to tap into these type of social feelings. Brainwave responses from 20 participants were measured as they read sentences comprising a randomly delivered ending outcome (fortunate or unfortunate) to social agents previously profiled as prosocial or antisocial individuals. Fortunate outcomes delivered to prosocial and antisocial agents aimed to tap into empathy and envy/annoying feelings, respectively, whereas unfortunate ones into compassion for prosocial agents and schadenfreude for antisocial ones. ERP modulations in early attention-capture (100-200 ms), semantic fit (400 ms), and late reanalysis processes (600 ms) were analyzed. According to the functional interpretation of each of these event-related electrophysiological effects, we conclude that: 1) a higher capture of attention is initially obtained in response to any type of outcome delivered to a prosocial versus an antisocial agent (frontal P2); 2) a facilitated semantic processing occurs for unfortunate outcomes delivered to antisocial agents (N400); and 3) regardless of the protagonist's social profile, an increased later reevaluation for overall unfortunate versus fortunate outcomes takes place (Late Positive Potential). Thus, neural online measures capture a stepwise unfolding impact of social factors during language comprehension, which include a facilitated processing of misfortunes when they happen to occur to antisocial peers (i.e., schadenfreude).

中文翻译：

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他有《 Comin》：ERP显露了对不幸的反社会人物进行处理的便利。

人类的社会性和亲社会性依赖于同理心，同情心，嫉妒，幸灾乐祸的社会和道德感觉，以及对亲社会而不是反社会他人的偏爱。我们研究了处理词汇输入以处理这些类型的社会感觉的神经基础。当他们阅读包含随机传递的结局结果（幸运或不幸）的句子时，对20位参与者的脑电波反应进行了测量，这些结果先前被描述为亲社会或反社会个体。传递给亲社会和反社会行为者的幸运结果旨在分别激发同理心和嫉妒/烦人的感觉，而不幸的结果是对亲社会行为者产生同情心，而对反社会行为者则产生幸灾乐祸。早期注意力捕获（100-200 ms），语义适应（400 ms）中的ERP调制，和后期的重新分析过程（600毫秒）进行了分析。根据这些与事件相关的电生理效应的功能解释，我们得出以下结论：1）最初，响应于传递给亲社会剂或抗社会剂（额叶P2）的任何类型的结局，都可以获得更高的关注度；2）为传递给反社会代理人（N400）的不幸结果而进行的便利语义处理；3）无论主人公的社会地位如何，后来对整体不幸与幸运结果的重新评估都增加了（后期正潜力）。因此，在线神经测度在语言理解过程中捕获了社会因素的逐步展开的影响，其中包括当不幸发生在反社会同伴（即schadenfreude）上时，对不幸的处理得到了促进。