In this study, a functioning and ventilated anthropomorphic phantom was further enhanced for the purpose of CT and MR imaging of the lung and liver. A deformable lung, including respiratory tract was 3D printed. Within the lung's inner structures is a solid region shaped from a patient's lung tumour and six nitro-glycerine capsules as reference landmarks. The full internal mesh was coated, and the tumour filled, with polyorganosiloxane based gel. A moulded liver was created with an external casing of silicon filled with polyorganosiloxane gel and flexible plastic internal structures. The liver, fitted to the inferior portion of the right lung, moves along with the lung's ventilation. In the contralateral side, a cavity is designed to host a dosimeter, whose motion is correlated to the lung pressure. A 4DCT of the phantom was performed along with static and 4D T1 weighted MR images. The CT Hounsfield units for the flexible 3D printed material were -500 - -400, for the polyorganosiloxane gel 50 - 120 and for the silicon 650 - 800. The MR image intensity units were 0 - 150, 0 - 100 and 80 - 110 respectively. The maximum range of motion in the 4D imaging for the superior lung was 1 - 3.5mm and 3.5 - 8mm in the inferior portion. The liver motion was 5.5 - 8.0mm at the tip and 5.7 - 10.0mm at the dome. No measurable drift in motion was observed over a two-hour session and motion was reproducible over three different sessions for sin2(t), sin4(t) and a patient-like breathing curve with the interquartile range of amplitudes for all breathing cycles within 0.5mm. The addition of features within the lung and of a deformable liver will allow the phantom to be used for imaging studies such as validation of 4DMRI and pseudo CT methods.

中文翻译：

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拟人化体模用于可变形的肺和肝脏CT和MR成像，用于放射治疗。

在这项研究中，为了肺部和肝脏的CT和MR成像，功能和通风的拟人化体模得到了进一步增强。3D打印了包括呼吸道在内的可变形肺。在肺部的内部结构中，有一个由患者的肺部肿瘤和六个硝酸甘油胶囊制成的实心区域，以作为参考标志。用聚有机硅氧烷基凝胶涂满整个内部网孔，并填充肿瘤。用硅制成的外壳制成模制的肝脏，该外壳填充有聚有机硅氧烷凝胶和柔性塑料内部结构。装在右肺下部的肝脏随着肺的通气而运动。在对侧，腔体设计成容纳剂量计，剂量计的运动与肺压力相关。幻影的4DCT与静态和4D T1加权MR图像一起执行。柔性3D打印材料的CT Hounsfield单位为-500--400，聚有机硅氧烷凝胶50-120和硅650-800。MR图像强度单位分别为0-150、0-100和80-110 。上肺的4D成像最大运动范围是下部分1-3.5mm和3.5-8mm。肝脏的运动在尖端为5.5-8.0mm，在圆顶处为5.7-10.0mm。两小时内未观察到可测量的运动漂移，并且对于sin2（t），sin4（t）和类似患者的呼吸曲线，在三个不同的过程中运动可重现，所有呼吸周期的幅度的四分位数范围在0.5以内毫米