Neurodegenerative diseases comprise a large number of disorders with high impact on human health. Neurodegenerative processes are caused by various etiological factors and differ in their clinical presentation. Neuroinflammation is widely discussed as both a cause and a consequence in the manifestation of these disorders. The interplay between the two entities is considered as a major contributor to the ongoing disease progression. An attentive search and implementation of new and reliable markers specific for the processes of inflammation and degeneration is still needed. YKL-40 is a secreted glycoprotein produced by activated glial cells during neuroinflammation. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), expressed mainly by neuronal cells, is a long-standing marker for neuronal damage. The aim of this review is to summarize, clarify, and evaluate the potential significance and relationship between YKL-40 and NSE as biomarkers in the monitoring and prognosis of a set of neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. YKL-40 appears to be a more reliable biomarker in neurological diseases than NSE. The more prominent expression pattern of YKL-40 could be explained with the more obvious involvement of glial cells in pathological processes accompanying each neurodegenerative disease, whereas reduced NSE levels are likely related to low metabolic activity and increased death of neurons.

中文翻译：

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YKL-40 和神经元特异性烯醇化酶在神经变性和神经炎症中的作用。

神经退行性疾病包括大量对人类健康有重大影响的疾病。神经退行性过程是由各种病因因素引起的，其临床表现也各不相同。神经炎症被广泛讨论为这些疾病表现的原因和结果。这两个实体之间的相互作用被认为是持续疾病进展的主要因素。仍然需要仔细搜索和实施针对炎症和变性过程的新的可靠标记。YKL-40 是一种分泌性糖蛋白，由神经炎症期间激活的神经胶质细胞产生。神经元特异性烯醇化酶 (NSE) 主要由神经元细胞表达，是神经元损伤的长期标志物。本次审查的目的是总结、澄清、并评估 YKL-40 和 NSE 作为生物标志物在一系列神经系统疾病（如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病和多发性硬化症）的监测和预后中的潜在意义和关系。在神经系统疾病中，YKL-40 似乎是比 NSE 更可靠的生物标志物。YKL-40 更突出的表达模式可以用神经胶质细胞更明显地参与伴随每种神经退行性疾病的病理过程来解释，而降低的 NSE 水平可能与低代谢活动和神经元死亡增加有关。和多发性硬化症。在神经系统疾病中，YKL-40 似乎是比 NSE 更可靠的生物标志物。YKL-40 更突出的表达模式可以用神经胶质细胞更明显地参与伴随每种神经退行性疾病的病理过程来解释，而降低的 NSE 水平可能与低代谢活动和神经元死亡增加有关。和多发性硬化症。在神经系统疾病中，YKL-40 似乎是比 NSE 更可靠的生物标志物。YKL-40 更突出的表达模式可以用神经胶质细胞更明显地参与伴随每种神经退行性疾病的病理过程来解释，而降低的 NSE 水平可能与低代谢活动和神经元死亡增加有关。