Thirty-two Friesian cattle under a leaders/followers four-day rotation and passing eggs of trematodes and gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) were studied in two trials for the integrated control of these helminths over two years. In the first trial, the effect of rotational pasturing was assessed on a group of leaders (milking cows, G-L1) and followers (dried-off cows and heifers, G-F1) supplemented daily with commercial nutritional pellets. In the second trial, leaders (G-L2) and followers (G-F2) were maintained under a rotational pasturing regime; the cows received daily commercial pelleted feed and heifers pellets manufactured with a blend of parasiticide fungi (3 × 105 chlamydospores of both Mucor circinelloides and Duddingtonia flagrans/kg pellet). Deworming via closantel and albendazole was performed in cows in each trial at the beginning of their drying periods, and fourteen days later, the fecal egg-count reductions (FECR) of Calicophoron daubneyi and GIN were from 94 to 100% (average 98 %), while the percentages of reduction of cattle shedding eggs (CPCR) were from 50 to 100% (average 77 % and 82 %, respectively). The heifers were dewormed one time only, at the beginning of each trial, and the values of FECR and CPCR were 100 % against C. daubneyi and 96 % and 83 %, respectively, against GIN. Over a period of 24 months, significantly higher numbers of helminth egg-output were observed in G-L1, with the lowest numbers in G-F2. C. daubneyi egg output was reduced by 5 % (G-L1) and 42 % (G-F1) at the end of trial 1 and by 83 % (G-L2) and 100 % (G-F2) at the end of trial 2; the numbers of GIN egg-output decreased by 13 % (G-L1) and 18 % (G-F1) at the end of trial 1, and by 72 % (G-L2) and 85 % (G-F2) at the end of trial 2. No adverse effects were detected in cattle taking pellets enriched with fungal spores (G-F2). It is concluded that long-term ingestion of spores of M. circinelloides and D. flagrans provides a valuable tool to improve the effect of rotational grazing and to lessen the risk of infection by C. daubneyi and GIN in dairy cattle, and accordingly, the performance of integrated control programs.

中文翻译：

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整合奶牛蠕虫的控制：驱虫，旋转放牧和营养颗粒与杀寄生虫真菌。

在两项试验中研究了三头领导者/跟随者四天轮换并通过卵的吸虫和胃肠道线虫（GIN）的三只弗里斯兰牛，以在两年内对这些蠕虫进行综合控制。在第一个试验中，对每天补充商业营养颗粒的一组领导者（奶牛，G-L1）和跟随者（干牛和小母牛，G-F1）进行轮牧的效果进行了评估。在第二次审判中，领导者（G-L2）和追随者（G-F2）处于轮换放牧制度下；奶牛每天接受商业颗粒饲料，并用混合的抗寄生虫真菌制成的小母牛颗粒（3×105圆环毛霉菌和鞭毛鞭毛的衣原体孢子/千克颗粒）。在每项试验中，在牛的干燥期开始时，都通过克洛斯泰尔和阿苯达唑进行了驱虫，十四天后，杯白棉和GIN的粪便卵数减少（FECR）从94％降至100％（平均98％）。 ，而减少牛排卵（CPCR）的百分比为50％至100％（分别为平均77％和82％）。在每次试验开始时，仅对小母牛进行一次驱虫，针对杜氏梭菌的FECR和CPCR值分别为100％，针对GIN的分别为96％和83％。在24个月的时间里，G-L1的蠕虫卵产量显着增加，而G-F2的蠕虫卵产量最低。在试验1结束时，杜布尼梭菌产蛋量降低了5％（G-L1）和42％（G-F1），在试验结束时降低了83％（G-L2）和100％（G-F2）试用2; 在试验1结束时，GIN产蛋量下降了13％（G-L1）和18％（G-F1），在试验1结束时分别下降了72％（G-L2）和85％（G-F2）。试验结束2.在服用富含真菌孢子（G-F2）的颗粒的牛中，未发现不良反应。结论是长期摄入圆环分枝杆菌和鞭毛D.鞭毛的孢子提供了一种有价值的工具，可提高轮牧的效果并降低奶牛的C. daubneyi和GIN感染的风险，因此，综合控制程序的性能。