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Impairment of motor but not anxiety-like behavior caused by the increase of dopamine during development is sustained in zebrafish larvae at later stages
International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-12 , DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10009
Ana Carolina Monteiro de Souza Lima 1 , Kevin Augusto Farias de Alvarenga 2 , Beatriz Campos Codo 1 , Erika Kelmer Sacramento 2 , Daniela Valadão Freitas Rosa 2 , Renan Pedra Souza 3 , Marco Aurélio Romano-Silva 2 , Bruno Rezende Souza 1
Affiliation  

Many neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with both dopaminergic (DAergic) and developmental hypotheses. Since DAergic receptors are expressed in the developing brain, it is possible that alterations in dopamine (DA) signaling may impair brain development and consequent behavior. In our previous study, using a zebrafish model, we showed that an increase of DA during the 3 to 5 days postfertilization (dpf) developmental window (an important window for GABAergic neuronal differentiation) affects the motor behavior of 5 dpf larvae. In this study, we set out to determine whether these behavioral alterations were sustained in larvae at older stages (7 and 14 dpf). To test this hypothesis, we chronically treated zebrafish larvae from 3 to 5 dpf with DA. After washing the drug, we recorded and analyzed the first 5 and 30 min of the motor behavior of 5, 7, and 14 dpf subjects. We analyzed mobile episodes, distance traveled, time mobile, distance traveled per mobile episode, time in movement per mobile episode, and distance traveled per time mobile. We showed, once again, that an increase of DA during the 3 to 5 dpf developmental window reduces the number of movement episodes initiated by 5 dpf larvae. We also detected a decrease of other motor behavior parameters in 5 dpf DA‐treated larvae. We observed that these alterations are sustained in the 7 dpf larvae. However, we did not see these general locomotor alterations in the 14 dpf larvae. Moreover, we detected a decrease of distance traveled and an increase of time of locomotion per episode in the first 5 min of behavioral analyses in 14 dpf DA‐treated larvae. To test if the alterations in the first 5 min were due to anxiety‐like behavior, we used a light/dark preference paradigm. We recorded 5dpf, 7dpf, and 14dpf larvae for 5 min and analyzed time of freezing, preference for light or dark, number of entries to the dark, percentage of time in the light. We observed that 5dpf larvae treated with DA showed more freezing, less passages to the dark, and more time spent in the light as compared to their control counterparts. But 7dpf and 14dpf larvae did not show these alterations. Taken overall, therefore, our results suggest that DA does play a role in the development of zebrafish motor behavior, and, furthermore, that some behaviors are more sensitive than others to the effects of DAergic imbalances during development.

中文翻译:

发育过程中多巴胺增加引起的运动障碍而非焦虑样行为在后期斑马鱼幼虫中持续存在

许多神经精神障碍与多巴胺能 (DAergic) 和发育假说有关。由于 DAergic 受体在发育中的大脑中表达,多巴胺 (DA) 信号的改变可能会损害大脑发育和随后的行为。在我们之前的研究中,使用斑马鱼模型,我们表明在受精后 3 到 5 天 (dpf) 发育窗口(GABA 能神经元分化的重要窗口)期间 DA 的增加会影响 5 dpf 幼虫的运动行为。在这项研究中,我们着手确定这些行为改变是否在较老阶段(7 和 14 dpf)的幼虫中持续存在。为了验证这一假设,我们用 DA 长期处理 3 至 5 dpf 的斑马鱼幼虫。洗完药后,我们记录并分析了 5、7 和 14 名 dpf 受试者在前 5 分钟和 30 分钟的运动行为。我们分析了移动片段、移动距离、移动时间、每个移动片段移动的距离、每个移动片段的移动时间和每个移动时间移动的距离。我们再次表明,在 3 到 5 dpf 发育窗口期间 DA 的增加减少了由 5 dpf 幼虫发起的运动事件的数量。我们还检测到 5 dpf DA 处理的幼虫的其他运动行为参数下降。我们观察到这些改变在 7 dpf 幼虫中持续存在。然而,我们没有在 14 dpf 幼虫中看到这些一般的运动改变。此外,在 14 dpf DA 处理的幼虫的行为分析的前 5 分钟内,我们检测到行进距离的减少和每集运动时间的增加。为了测试前 5 分钟的变化是否是由于焦虑样行为引起的,我们使用了明/暗偏好范式。我们记录了 5dpf、7dpf 和 14dpf 幼虫 5 分钟,并分析了冻结时间、对光或暗的偏好、进入黑暗的次数、在光中的时间百分比。我们观察到,与对照对应物相比,用 DA 处理的 5dpf 幼虫表现出更多的冷冻、更少的黑暗通道和更多的光照时间。但是 7dpf 和 14dpf 幼虫没有表现出这些改变。因此,总的来说,我们的结果表明 DA 确实在斑马鱼运动行为的发展中发挥作用,此外,某些行为对发育过程中 DA 能失衡的影响比其他行为更敏感。我们使用了明/暗偏好范式。我们记录了 5dpf、7dpf 和 14dpf 幼虫 5 分钟,并分析了冻结时间、对光或暗的偏好、进入黑暗的次数、在光中的时间百分比。我们观察到,与对照对应物相比,用 DA 处理的 5dpf 幼虫表现出更多的冷冻、更少的黑暗通道和更多的光照时间。但是 7dpf 和 14dpf 幼虫没有表现出这些改变。因此,总的来说,我们的结果表明 DA 确实在斑马鱼运动行为的发展中发挥作用,此外,某些行为对发育过程中 DA 能失衡的影响比其他行为更敏感。我们使用了明/暗偏好范式。我们记录了 5dpf、7dpf 和 14dpf 幼虫 5 分钟,并分析了冻结时间、对光或暗的偏好、进入黑暗的次数、在光中的时间百分比。我们观察到,与对照对应物相比,用 DA 处理的 5dpf 幼虫表现出更多的冷冻、更少的黑暗通道和更多的光照时间。但是 7dpf 和 14dpf 幼虫没有表现出这些改变。因此,总的来说,我们的结果表明 DA 确实在斑马鱼运动行为的发展中发挥作用,此外,某些行为对发育过程中 DA 能失衡的影响比其他行为更敏感。光照时间的百分比。我们观察到,与对照对应物相比,用 DA 处理的 5dpf 幼虫表现出更多的冷冻、更少的黑暗通道和更多的光照时间。但是 7dpf 和 14dpf 幼虫没有表现出这些改变。因此,总的来说,我们的结果表明 DA 确实在斑马鱼运动行为的发展中发挥作用,此外,某些行为对发育过程中 DA 能失衡的影响比其他行为更敏感。光照时间的百分比。我们观察到,与对照对应物相比,用 DA 处理的 5dpf 幼虫表现出更多的冷冻、更少的黑暗通道和更多的光照时间。但是 7dpf 和 14dpf 幼虫没有表现出这些改变。因此,总的来说,我们的结果表明 DA 确实在斑马鱼运动行为的发展中发挥作用,此外,某些行为对发育过程中 DA 能失衡的影响比其他行为更敏感。
更新日期:2020-02-12
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