Endemic mycoses such as histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, and talaromycosis are well-known causes of focal and systemic disease within specific geographic areas of known endemicity. However, over the past few decades, there have been increasingly frequent reports of infections due to endemic fungi in areas previously thought to be “non-endemic.” There are numerous potential reasons for this shift such as increased use of immune suppressive medications, improved diagnostic tests, increased disease recognition, and global factors such as migration, increased travel, and climate change. Regardless of the causes, it has become evident that our previous understanding of endemic regions for these fungal diseases needs to evolve. The epidemiology of the newly described Emergomyces is incomplete; our understanding of it continues to evolve. This review will focus on the evidence underlying the established areas of endemicity for these mycoses as well as new data and reports from medical literature that support the re-thinking these geographic boundaries. Updating the endemic fungi maps would inform clinical practice and global surveillance of these diseases.

地方性霉菌病，例如组织胞浆菌病，球孢子菌病，芽孢菌病，副球菌病和虫病，是已知流行病的特定地理区域内的局灶性和全身性疾病的众所周知原因。但是，在过去的几十年中，在以前被认为是“非地方性”的地区，有越来越多的报道报道地方性真菌引起的感染。这种转变有许多潜在的原因，例如增加使用免疫抑制药物，改善诊断测试，提高疾病识别能力以及诸如移民，旅行增加和气候变化等全球性因素。无论原因如何，很明显，我们以前对这些真菌疾病的流行地区的理解需要发展。新描述的沙门氏菌的流行病学不完整；我们对它的理解在不断发展。这篇综述将侧重于这些霉菌病流行地区的基础证据，以及支持重新思考这些地理边界的医学文献的新数据和报告。更新地方性真菌图谱将为这些疾病的临床实践和全球监测提供信息。