Eye diseases often lead to impaired vision and seriously affect the daily life of patients. Local administration of ophthalmic drugs is one of the most important approaches for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases. However, due to the special biochemical environment of the ocular tissue and the existence of many barriers, the bioavailability of conventional ophthalmic preparations in the eye is very low. Nanomaterials can be utilized as carriers of drugs, which can improve the absorption, distribution, metabolism and bioavailability of drugs in eyes. Nanomaterials have also the advantages of small size, simple preparation, good degradability, strong targeting, and little stimulation to biological tissues, providing an innovative and practical method for the drug delivery of ophthalmic diseases. In addition, nanomaterials can be used as an auxiliary means for early diagnosis of ophthalmic diseases by improving the specificity and accuracy of detection methods. Nanomaterials help clinicians and researchers delve deeper into the physiology and pathology of the eye at the nanoscale. We summarize the application of nanomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of ophthalmic diseases in this review.

眼部疾病往往会导致视力受损，严重影响患者的日常生活。眼科药物的局部给药是治疗眼科疾病最重要的方法之一。然而，由于眼组织特殊的生化环境和诸多障碍的存在，常规眼科制剂在眼内的生物利用度很低。纳米材料可作为药物的载体，改善药物在眼内的吸收、分布、代谢和生物利用度。纳米材料还具有体积小、制备简单、降解性好、靶向性强、对生物组织刺激小等优点，为眼科疾病的药物递送提供了一种创新实用的方法。此外，纳米材料可通过提高检测方法的特异性和准确性，作为眼科疾病早期诊断的辅助手段。纳米材料帮助临床医生和研究人员在纳米尺度上更深入地研究眼睛的生理学和病理学。我们在这篇综述中总结了纳米材料在眼科疾病诊断和治疗中的应用。