The present study examined links between best friendship quality, social problem solving in response to a transgression and conscious control of behavior (i.e., executive function or EF). Eighty-one 7- to 10-year-olds answered questions about their best friendship quality and responses to friendship transgressions (i.e., interpretations, goals, and strategies they would endorse). They also completed a battery of EF tasks measuring working memory, inhibition, and shifting. Results revealed few relations between social problem solving and best friendship quality. Social problem solving related to EF abilities, with inhibition relating to fewer revenge goals and cognitive flexibility relating to more neutral interpretations. Better working memory related to worse best friendship quality. Finally, verbal IQ was a strong predictor of several positive social problem-solving interpretations, goals, and strategies. Results suggest cognitive abilities in EF and language may be important to consider during middle childhood in this period of advancing social problem solving and friendships.

中文翻译：

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体贴的朋友：执行职能与解决中儿童的社会问题和友谊质量有关。

本研究研究了最佳友谊质量，应对违法行为而解决社会问题与行为的自觉控制（即执行功能或EF）之间的联系。八十一岁至十岁的孩子回答了有关他们的最佳友谊质量和对友谊过犯的回应的问题（即他们认可的解释，目标和策略）。他们还完成了一系列EF任务，测量工作记忆，抑制和转移。结果显示，解决社会问题与最佳友谊质量之间的关系很少。解决与EF能力有关的社会问题，抑制与减少复仇目标有关，认知灵活性与中性解释有关。更好的工作记忆与更差的最佳友谊质量有关。最后，言语智商可以很好地预测解决社会问题的几种积极解释，目标和策略。结果表明，在这个推进社会问题解决和友谊的时期，EF和语言的认知能力可能是重要的考虑因素。